Lameness can negatively affect production, but there is still controversy about the perception of pain in dairy cows. This study aimed to verify the effects of hoof affections in dairy cows on locomotion score, physiological attributes, pressure nociceptive threshold, and thermographic variables, as well as assess improvement on these variables after corrective trimming and treatment. Thirty-four lame lactating cows were gait-scored, and all cows with locomotion score ≥4 were retained for this study 1 day before trimming. Lame cows were diagnosed, pressure nociceptive threshold at sound, and affected hooves were measured, thermographic images were recorded, and physiological attributes were evaluated. Hooves with lesions were trimmed and treated and cows were re-evaluated 1 week after such procedures. The experimental design was a completely randomized design. Each cow was considered an experimental unit and traits were analyzed using paired t test, linear correlation, and linear regression. Digital and interdigital dermatitis were classified as infectious diseases while laminitis sequels, sole ulcers, and white line were classified as non-infectious diseases. After 1 week, the locomotion score was reduced on average in 1.5 points. Trimming increased the pressure nociceptive threshold for cows with non-infectious affections while tended to increase the pressure nociceptive threshold for cows with infectious affections. Physiological attributes and thermographic values did not change with trimming. Trimming and treatment have benefic effects on animal welfare as gait is improved and sensitivity to pain is reduced.
This experiment aimed to describe the effects of Oregano extract (OE) inclusion into the concentrate fed to dairy heifers on physiological parameters, feeding behavior, intake, and performance. Thirty-two Holstein heifers were randomly distributed into four treatments: C = control, without addition of OE; OE2.5 = 2.5 g; OE5.0 = 5.0 g and OE7.5 = 7.5 g of Oregano extract per heifer/day. Feeding behavior and concentrate intake were assessed individually every day and total dry matter intake (DMI) was determined on the last week of the trial. Compared to control group, OE7.5 reduced by 32% the latency time to approach the feed bunk but increased by 6% the time spent eating the concentrate. Each inclusion of 2.5 grams of OE into the concentrate increased the occurrence of postingestive licking the feed bunk with abundant saliva production 1.2 times (P < 0.01) and tended to increase the occurrence of sneeze events 1.2 times (P < 0.10). No statistical difference was detected between treatments for total DMI, but concentrate DMI was 9% lower for OE7.5 when compared to control and OE2.5. The inclusion of 7.5 grams/day of OE causes small but negative effects in feeding behavior and concentrate intake, without change on total dry matter intake.
-This study aimed to investigate how type of hoof injury and corrective trimming alter the behavior of dairy cows. Thirty-four lactating Holstein and Jersey cows were used. They were scored for lameness score on days -2 and 6, before and after trimming and treatment, respectively, using a numerical rating system, in which 1 = perfect gait and 5 = severely lame, and had their postural and ingestive behavior evaluated on days -1 and 6 before and after trimming and treatment, respectively. Locomotion score was analyzed using t-paired test and behavioral data were analyzed by univariate variance analysis with cows as the experimental units, according to a completely randomized design with repeated measurements. Cows with infectious hoof diseases spent less time lying down and idling, but more time standing up and feeding at the trough than those with non-infectious hoof diseases. Locomotion score and the proportion of time spent standing decreased one week after trimming and treatment, while time spent lying down increased. Trimming plus treatment and type of hoof diseases do not change ingestive behavior but change postural behavior of dairy cows.
This study aimed to evaluate the digestive power of waste of cassava starch extraction dried (WCSEd) and corn, in addition to determining the appropriate level of WCSEd to replace corn in the diet of cattle. Studies to evaluate the in vitro digestibility and in situ degradability were performed. The study used four cattle with rumen cannula, individually fed with diets containing increasing levels (0, 33, 66 and 100%) of WCSEd to replace corn, to evaluate the dry matter and nutrient intake and digestibility, pH and ammonia concentration of rumen fluid. The WCSEd showed differences in the in vitro digestibility of DM, OM and NDF (P < 0.05) compared to corn, but did not change the NDT and in situ degradability. As for in vivo reviews, the DM and nutrient intake was influenced by treatments in decreasing order, resulting in changes in the digestibility of DM, OM and NDT of diet, and a decreased concentration of N-NH 3 , but the pH was not affected. The residue from the extraction of cassava starch showed lower in vitro digestibility; however, ruminal degradability did not differ from corn. Their use in ruminant feed reduces the intake and degradation of feed, but improves the use of N-NH 3 in the rumen. Key words: Degradability. Digestibility. Intake. Rumen parameters. ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar a degradabilidade potencial do REAMs e do milho e de determinar o nível adequado de REAMs, em substituição ao milho na ração de bovinos. Foram realizados estudos para avaliação da digestibilidade in vitro e degradabilidade in situ. Utilizou-se quatro bois castrados, canulados no rúmen, alimentados individualmente, com dietas contendo níveis crescentes (0%, 33%, 66% e 100%) de REAMs em substituição ao milho, para avaliação da ingestão e digestibilidade da matéria seca e nutrientes, avaliação do pH e nitrogênio amoniacal do líquido ruminal. O REAMs apresentou diferenças quanto à digestibilidade in vitro da MS, MO e FDN (P < 0,05), quando comparado ao milho, mas não apresentou alteração quanto ao NDT e a degradabilidade in situ. Quanto às avaliações in vivo a ingestão de MS e dos nutrientes foi influenciada de forma decrescente pelos tratamentos, resultando em redução na digestibilidade da MS, MO e no NDT das dietas in vivo, ocorrendo redução na concentração de N-NH3, mas o pH não foi influenciado. O resíduo da extração do amido da mandioca apresentou menor digestibilidade in vitro porem não diferiu do milho quanto a degradabilidade ruminal. Sua utilização na alimentação de ruminantes reduz a ingestão e degradação da ração, porém melhora o aproveitamento do N-NH3 no rúmen. Palavras-chave: Degradabilidade. Digestibilidade. Ingestão. Parâmetros ruminais.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a composição do resíduo úmido de fécula de mandioca (RUFM) ensilado com diferentes níveis de ureia, verificando possíveis alterações na fermentação e em seu valor nutricional, e características microbiológicas e fermentativas. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas 4x2, com os quatro níveis de inclusão de ureia no resíduo úmido de fécula de mandioca (0; 5; 10; 15 e 20 g/kg na matéria natural) alocados nas parcelas, e as posições de amostragem no silo (superficial e intermediária) alocadas nas subparcelas. O RUFM foi ensilado em silos circulares aéreos de concreto, com capacidade para aproximadamente 1000 kg. A ureia foi adicionada ao RUFM em camadas intercaladas no momento da ensilagem, e o material permaneceu ensilado por um período de 45 dias. Decorrido o período de fermentação, os silos foram abertos e foram realizadas as amostragens para a determinação da temperatura, pH, nitrogênio total, nitrogênio amoniacal, matéria seca, matéria mineral, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), celulose, hemicelulose e lignina, e da população de fungos e leveduras, bactérias ácido-láticas e Clostridium. A adição de ureia até o nível de 20 g/kg na matéria natural para a ensilagem do resíduo úmido de fécula de mandioca com aproximadamente 18 % de MS aumenta o pH, N total, N-NH3, proteína bruta, FDN e FDA da silagem. Porém, esta mesma adição, reduz as populações de bactérias ácido láticas, fungos, leveduras e a população total de microorganismos sem alterar o conteúdo de matéria seca, a hemicelulose, celulose e lignina.
RESUMO Com objetivo de avaliar o efeito da substituição do milho grão moído pela silagem de resíduo da extração de amido da mandioca, em dietas para ovinos em confinamento, foi mensurado o consumo, a digestibilidade da matéria seca (MS) e dos nutrientes, e o pH ruminal. Foram utilizados cinco ovinos, canulados, distribuídos em delineamento de quadrado latino (5x5), composto de cinco animais, cinco dietas e cinco períodos experimentais de 21 dias cada, em um total de 105 dias de experimento. Os tratamentos foram diferentes níveis de substituição (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%) do milho pela silagem de resíduo da extração de amido da mandioca. Os níveis de substituição interferiram de forma significativa, obtendo variação cubica para a ingestão de MS, proteína bruta (PB), matéria orgânica (MO), extrato etéreo (EE) e carboidratos totais (CT), e efeito quadrático para a ingestão de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA). Porém não houve diferenças significativas na digestibilidadede nutrientes conforme a substituição do milho pela silagem de resíduo da extração de amido da mandioca, assim como não interferiram nos valores de pH ruminal. Recomenda-se a substituição de 75% do milho pela silagem de resíduo da extração de amido da mandioca.
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