Palmitoleic acid (PMA) has anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities. Here we tested whether these effects of PMA on glucose homeostasis and liver inflammation, in mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD), are PPAR-α dependent. C57BL6 wild-type (WT) and PPAR-α-knockout (KO) mice fed with a standard diet (SD) or HFD for 12 weeks were treated after the 10th week with oleic acid (OLA, 300 mg/kg of b.w.) or PMA 300 mg/kg of b.w. Steatosis induced by HFD was associated with liver inflammation only in the KO mice, as shown by the increased hepatic levels of IL1-beta, IL-12, and TNF-α; however, the HFD increased the expression of TLR4 and decreased the expression of IL1-Ra in both genotypes. Treatment with palmitoleate markedly attenuated the insulin resistance induced by the HFD, increased glucose uptake and incorporation into muscle in vitro, reduced the serum levels of AST in WT mice, decreased the hepatic levels of IL1-beta and IL-12 in KO mice, reduced the expression of TLR-4 and increased the expression of IL-1Ra in WT mice, and reduced the phosphorylation of NF 𝜅B (p65) in the livers of KO mice. We conclude that palmitoleate attenuates diet-induced insulin resistance, liver inflammation, and damage through mechanisms that do not depend on PPAR-α.

BackgroundCancer is considered the second leading cause of death in the world, and for the treatment of this disease, pharmacological intervention strategies are frequently based on chemotherapy. Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents in clinical practice for treating a number of solid tumours. The treatment with DOX mimics some effects of cancer cachexia, such as anorexia, asthenia, decreases in fat and skeletal muscle mass and fatigue. We observed that treatment with DOX increased the systemic insulin resistance and caused a massive increase in glucose levels in serum. Skeletal muscle is a major tissue responsible for glucose uptake, and the positive role of AMPk protein (AMP‐activated protein kinase) in GLUT‐4 (Glucose Transporter type 4) translocation, is well established. With this, our aim was to assess the insulin sensitivity after treatment with DOX and involvement of AMPk signalling in skeletal muscle in this process.MethodsWe used Wistar rats which received a single dose of doxorubicin (DOX group) or saline (CT group) intraperitoneally at a dose of 15 mg/kg b.w. The expression of proteins involved in insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, inflammation, and activity of electron transport chain was assessed in extensor digitorum longus muscle, as well as the histological evaluation. In vitro assays were performed in L6 myocytes to assess glucose uptake after treatment with DOX. Agonist of AMPk [5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide (AICAR)] and the antioxidant n‐acetyl cysteine were used in L6 cells to evaluate its effect on glucose uptake and cell viability.ResultsThe animals showed a significant insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, and hyperinsulinemia. A decrease in the expression of AMKP and GLUT‐4 was observed in the extensor digitorum longus muscle. Also in L6 cells, DOX leads to a decrease in glucose uptake, which is reversed with AICAR.ConclusionsDOX leads to conditions similar to cachexia, with severe glucose intolerance both in vivo and in vitro. The decrease of AMPk activity of the protein is modulated negatively with DOX, and treatment with agonist of AMPk (AICAR) has proved to be a possible therapeutic target, which is able to recover glucose sensitivity in skeletal muscle.

h i g h l i g h t s Polymeric composite was developed using household and industrial residues. Effect of waste of mate-tea as filler was physically, chemically and mechanically evaluated. Thermal stability of PP decreased with addition of mate-tea waste and eucalypt particles. Use of eucalypt particles increased mechanical properties more than use of mate-tea waste. Insertion of eucalypt particles increased the hydrophobicity of the composites.

In mice fed with a high-fat diet, palmitoleic acid supplementation stimulated the uptake of glucose in liver through activation of AMPK and FGF-21, dependent on PPARα. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2168-2177, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Reduction of therapy to two drugs did not compromise survival outcomes for patients in the IR-GR group, and escalation of therapy with PEI did not significantly improve OS and EFS in patients at HR.

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Resumo-Eucalyptus benthamii é a espécie que mais tem se destacado para finalidade energética em áreas de ocorrência de geadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi classificar por ordem de importância as características dendroenergéticas de matrizes selecionadas para melhoramento dessa espécie. Foram coletados discos do DAP de 91 árvores de três áreas de plantio no Município de Guarapuava, PR, de coordenadas geográficas 25º 23' 26'' S e 51º 27' 15'' E, e 1.120 m de altitude. Na madeira avaliaram-se densidade básica, volume, massa, poder calorífico superior, densidade energética e potencial energético, e no carvão avaliaram-se rendimento, gases condensáveis e não condensáveis, carbono fixo, voláteis, cinzas, poder calorífico superior e potencial energético. A partir das características mensuradas, no campo e laboratório para cada indivíduo, efetuou-se a análise multivariada dos componentes principais e de fator com o objetivo de identificar as variáveis que apresentam maior contribuição para a variância total. Com vistas à obtenção de energia, deve-se dar maior importância para as variáveis: massa, volume, potencial energético da madeira e potencial energético do carvão. Termos para indexação: Bioenergia, biomassa florestal, geada. Dendroenergetical characterization of Eucalyptus benthamii trees Abstract-Eucalyptus benthamii has shown to be the most proeminent specie for regions with frost incidence. The objective of this work was to classify selected Eucalyptus benthamii trees for breeding by importance ordening dendrometric and energetic characteristics, useful for this work 91 disks of DBH were collected, from three plantations at Guarapuava municipality, Parana state, with geographical coordinates 25º 23' 26'' S e 51º 27' 15" E and 1,120 m high. Wood basic density, volume, mass, superior calorific power, energertic density and energetic potential were evaluated. Charcoal yield, condensed and non-condensable gases, fixed carbon, volatiles, ashes, superior calorific power and energetic potential were also evaluated. From the measured characteristics, at the field and laboratory for each individual, multivariable analysis were performed using the main compounds and factorial analysis with the aim of identifying those variables which presented larger contribution for total variance. At E. Benthamii tree selection for energy production, most of the attention should be driven to the variables mass, volume, wood energetic potential and charcoal energetic potential.

Purpose Interleukin 10 (IL‐10) is a cytokine that plays a critical role with potent anti‐inflammatory properties when produced during exercise, limiting host immune response to pathogens and preventing tissue damage. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the response of IL‐10 after acute exercise session in healthy adults. Methods Databases of Ovid Medline (1978–2016), CINAHL (1998–2016), EMBASE (2003–2016), SportDiscus (1990–2016), and Web of Science library (1990–2016) were carefully screened. Clinical trials comparing exercise types in healthy individuals were included for pooled analysis. The trials of exercise were methodologically appraised by PEDro Scale. Results Twelve randomized controlled and crossover trials containing 176 individuals were identified for inclusion. The Kruskal‐Wallis test showed no significant differences between type of exercise and the corresponding values in IL‐10 [X2(4) = 2.878; p = 0.449]. The duration of exercise was significantly correlated with increase in IL‐10 changes (Pearson's r = 1.00, 95%CI: 0.015–0.042, p < 0.0001) indicating that 48% of the variation in IL‐10 levels can be explained by the duration of the exercise performed. In addition, despite a linear increase, we did not find a significant correlation with the intensity of exercise and IL‐10 changes (Pearson's r = 0.218, 95%CI: −0.554–0.042, p < 0.035). Conclusion Overall, the duration of the exercise is the single most important factor determining the magnitude of the exercise‐induced increase of plasma IL‐10.