This paper looks at the factors driving regional growth in Mexico, paying special attention to the potentially growth‐enhancing role of innovation and innovation policy. The analysis combines innovation variables with indicators linked to the formation of adequate social conditions for innovation (the social filter), and spillovers for 31 Mexican states and the Mexico City capital district (the Distrito Federal) during the period 2000–2010. The results indicate that regional economic growth across Mexican states stems from direct investment in research and development (R&D) in areas with favorable social filters and which can benefit not only from knowledge spillovers, but also from being surrounded by rich neighbors with good social conditions. The results stress that, although Mexican innovation policy has been relatively well targeted in order to generate greater economic growth, its relatively modest size may have undermined the attainment of its main objectives.

This paper presents the direct and easy way to implement digitally an optimal Venturini modulation scheme for a 7.5 KVA, four-wires, matrix converter with balanced and unbalanced loads. In order to meet tight harmonic specification a single-stage LC input filter with a resistor connected in parallel with the inductor has been designed and at the output another single-stage LC filter is used. This enables stable output power and frequency over a wide range and at different load conditions. Experimental results obtained by using a DSP-FPGA system verify the effectiveness of the Venturini modulation scheme.

This paper estimates human capital externalities in Mexico using the traditional approaches in the literature. We control the potential endogenenity of individual and average schooling with instrumental variables techniques. We use as instruments, the educational reform of 1993 of compulsory secondary education and the proportion of graduates from upper secondary and higher education and the structure of the population of the states in a previous period. The results show that there is a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between experience, individual education and average education with individual wages. Also we confirmed by the implementation of the various approaches through the coincidence of the results that there are significant human capital externalities at state level in Mexico for the period 2000-2010.

ResumenLos rendimientos educativos consisten en los incrementos salariales de los trabajadores que derivan del aumento en sus años de escolaridad. En el presente trabajo estimamos la evolución en México de tales rendimientos para el lapso 1995-2012 empleando tres métodos distintos. De ello se ha obtenido que en promedio un año de escolaridad hace crecer en 9% el salario de los trabajadores para el periodo de estudio. Asimismo, que dichos rendimientos aumentan ante más años de escolaridad, que las mujeres son las que han visto su mayor incremento, y que han descendido durante el periodo analizado. AbstractThe returns to education consist of wage increases for workers due to the raise in their years of schooling. In this paper we estimate the evolution of these in Mexico from 1995 to 2012 using three different methods. Our results show in average that an increase of one year of schooling raises wages by 9% during the study period. We also find that these returns increase with years of schooling, and women get the higher returns, highlighting finally that there is a decline in these during the period analyzed.Palabras clave: rendimientos educativos, salarios, endogeneidad, capital humano, México.

Uno de los posibles determinantes de la intención de usar bitcoin puede ser la confianza de los usuarios, ya que en el poco tiempo de vigencia de la criptomoneda ha demostrado ser una opción real frente al dinero fiduciario. En este aspecto, cabe añadir que existen pocos estudios que consideran a la confianza como un determinante del uso de bitcoin, por lo que el objetivo de este estudio es investigar los factores en los que se basa la confianza y conocer hasta qué punto el riesgo percibido tiene una connotación negativa sobre el uso de la criptomoneda. Para ello se integra un modelo que es analizado bajo la metodología de ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM), aplicado a una muestra de 174 usuarios de bitcoin. Los resultados de la evaluación de siete hipótesis teóricas indican que los elementos clave de la confianza son las garantías estructurales y la familiaridad ya que determinan la intención de uso y este a su vez el uso real; a diferencia de la confianza basada en las garantías estructurales y la normalidad situacional que son poco significativas. El riesgo percibido demostró tener poca relación con la intención de uso. Por lo tanto, los proveedores de servicios relacionados con bitcoin deben enfocarse en generar situaciones de confianza para los usuarios basadas en la seguridad y las regulaciones, además de crear entornos que generen familiaridad.