Following commencement of the UK Bowel Cancer Screening Pilot, there has been a significant decline in emergency CRC workload with a marked improvement in 30-day mortality and decreased stoma formation, in Coventry and North Warwickshire. It is postulated that the witnessed and notable positive impact over such a short time period is the result of increased detection of asymptomatic malignancies within the screening programme, increased public awareness of the symptoms of CRC, together with a change in attitudes and referral patterns of general practitioners within Coventry and North Warwickshire.
TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax +1-972-952-9435. AbstractA static to dynamic approach to modeling Asphaltenes has been developed and validated. A new algorithm for static asphaltene modeling uses a multi-solid thermodynamics approach where the equality of fugacity for each component and phase is applied at equilibrium conditions. This is required for minimizing the Gibbs free energy. The fractal distribution function used for the splitting and characterization of heavy components provides accurate results. The precipitation and redissolution of asphaltenes are investigated for a relatively heavy crude oil from an Iranian field. A series of experiments are designed and conducte quantitatively to obtain the permeability reduction in a slim tube. Using a dynamic reservoir simulator, a 3-dimensional asphaltene model is developed to simulate the precipitation, flocculation, deposition and its impact on permeability in a slim tube. With this approach, the asphaltene is defined as a set of component(s) that can precipitate depending on their molar percentage weight in solution. The simulated permeability reduction due to asphaltene deposition shows good agreement with our experimental data.
The newly developed workflow is based on a 4-D sector modeling study on a west flank of Field A, offshore Saudi Arabia. The approach involves the use of time-lapse monitoring of reservoir saturation profile for injectors and producers as well as 4-D water flood front movement in the reservoir to understand dynamic reservoir challenges. These challenges are zones with future water breakthrough, dynamic injection/production interaction, impact of reservoir drive mechanism on well injectivity or productivity, initial and future reservoir conditions. With this understanding, rate optimization process is performed on the open hole injectors and producers. Thereafter, completion is optimized to achieve uniform influx profile, flow restriction and zonal isolation where required along the horizontal section. Four different completion strategies were evaluated by alternating between Inflow Control Devices (Nozzle based) completion and open hole in injectors and producers. Even though the sector model used in this study is subject to further calibrations as more geological, petrophysical and production data become available; the study outcome based on the novel workflow demonstrated the challenges involved in making a completion strategy with ICD's in injectors and producers. The results showed an incremental cumulative oil gain of (5%) with a one year delay in water breakthrough over a period of 20 years. It also indicated that further improvement in oil recovery can be achieved by ICD completion above that achieved in the rates optimization process of injectors and producers. The study showed a positive indication that ICD completion is beneficial in challenging reservoirs with mobility ratios considerably greater than one. The industry should consider a novel 4-D well – reservoir integrated modeling approach to making completion strategy and evaluating ICD completion design prior to deploying them in a field wide campaign.
Passive inflow control devices (ICD) are being rapidly adopted in horizontal production wells particularly when there is a high probability of produced water or gas in a heterogeneous reservoir in the early life of a well. The justification, application, installation and the flow physics of ICDs available to the industry are well documented in the literature [1–3]. However, there are limited case studies that discuss the production and reservoir performance, to investigate their longer term impact supported with actual production data. The De Ruyter Field, which started production in September 2006, has been completed with passive ICDs in combination with zonal isolation in two horizontal wells in the undersaturated western fault block. This paper will describe how ICDs increased recovery compared to stand alone screens, by controlling water production and promoting inflow from lower productivity zones thus extending the life of the De Ruyter Field . This paper will also discuss the use of actual production and PLT data to history match a dynamic simulation model. The ICDs allowed the operator to commercialize an offshore development by delaying and controlling water production in a heterogeneous reservoir, thereby increasing recovery and extending the field production life.
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