This work aimed to use guar korma meal in concentrate feed mixture(CFM) for growing buffalo calves rations.The trial was carried out at Animal House of Animal production Research Institute and Al-Manar Company Station. Thirty male buffalo calves averaging 176.9 Kg LBW were chosen and divided into six similar groups. The groups of animals were randomly assigned to receive six experimental rations containing CFM which included guar Korma at the rate of 0, 3.3, 6.7, 10.0, 13.3 and 16.7% in rations A,B,C,D,E and F, respectively. These percentages of guar korma cover 0,10,20,30,40 and 50% of CFM protein content. All animals received CFM, berseem hay (BH) and wheat straw (WS) at the rate of 70:20:10, respectively.The feeding trial lasted 210 days, during which live body weights were recorded beside feed intake. Economical efficiencies were calculated for each ration. In addition, six digestibility trials were conducted to determine digestibility and nutritive values of the experimental rations. Samples of blood were taken to measure some blood parameters.The results obtained can be summarize as follows: 1) The chemical composition of different experimental rations were almost similar in DM, OM, CF,CP and NFE contents, with somewhat higher percentage of EE and Ash associated with increasing guar korma levels. 2) Increasing guar korma level in the experimental rations tended to significantly (P<0.05) increase DM, OM, CP,EE and CF digestibilities, while the difference in NFE digestibility was not statistically significant. In addition, there were significant (P<0.05) increase in TDN and DCP with increasing guar korma levels in the rations, especially in ration F, which had 70.82% TDN and 10.99% DCP. 3) Average total protein and albumin were significantly (P<0.05) higher for ration D,E, and F, while differences in globulin were not significant. Also, AST (Aspartate amino transferase) and ALT (Alanin amino transferase) concentrations significantly (P<0.05) increase for ration E and F, while differences in kidney functions parameters were not significant. 4) Average daily LBW gains significantly (P<0.05) increased with increasing guar korma levels in the rations, being 1.296,1.325,1.357,1.392,1.425 and 1.475 kg for animals given rations A,B,C,D, E and F, respectively. At the same time, the best improvement in feed utilization efficiency expressed as kg DM or TDN per kg gain was recorded for ration F which contain the highest level of guar korma, being 7.935 and 5.620, respectively. 5) Average feed cost/kg weight gain decreased with increasing guar korma levels in the rations, being 18. 870, 18.227, 17.429, 16.650, 15.822 and 15.249 LE with rations A, B, C, D,E and F, respectively. Moreover, revenue, gross margin above feed cost, profit and economical efficiency showed the highest values for ration F,

The present work was carried out to study the effect of using dried distillers grains with soluble (DDGS) as a source of protein in ration formulation of buffalo calves. DDGS was included in concentrate feed mixture (CFM) at 0, 11, 16, 21 and 27% to cover 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of total protein, respectively. Fifty male buffalo calves averaging 320.16 kg live body weight were randomly distributed into five similar groups (10 in each) and assigned to receive five concentrate feed mixtures containing five levels of DDGS. Animals were fed CFM along with berseem hay and wheat straw at the ratios of 70: 20: 10, respectively. The feeding trail lasted 184 days, during which, five digestibility trials were carried out to determine the digestibility and feeding values of the experimental rations. In addition, samples of rumen liquor and blood serum were taken to determine some ruminal and blood parameters. Also, feed and economical efficiencies were studied. The results showed that: 1-Digestibility coefficients were significantly (P<0.05) higher in DM, OM, CP and CF with animals fed rations containing DDGS. Nutritive values expressed as TDN (%), DCP (%) and DE (Mcal/Kg DM) were significantly higher (P<0.05) for ration E (containing 27% DDGS) than the other rations. 2-Animals fed ration E (containing 27% DDGS) showed the highest TDN (77.03%) DCP (12.49%) and DE (3.40 Mcal/Kg DM) versus 65.67%, 11.00% and 2.89 Mcal/Kg DM for animals fed control ration. However, all experimental rations (containing DDGS) appeared to higher nutritive values than that of control ration. 3-The highest daily gain (1.170 Kg) was recorded with animals given ration E, which had 31.46% extra improvement and increase in weight gain. Also, animals fed experimental rations (B, C, D and E rations) tended to have better feed efficiency, showing the best feed utilization efficiency expressed as DM, TDN or DCP per Kg gain being 11.147, 8.586 and 1.392 Kg/Kg gain, respectively, for animals fed ration E. 4-Animals fed ration E (containing 27% DDGS) appeared to have the lowest feed cost/Kg weight gain (17.837 LE).The highest economical efficiency (1.233) versus the highest feed cost and lowest economical efficiency was observed with animals fed control ration (ration A). 5-All ruminal and blood serum parameters were within the normal values, showing that added DDGS in ration formulation of fattening buffalo calves had no adverse effects on serum parameters and led to get better performance of animals. Generally, it may be concluded that, the inclusion DDGS at 27% to cover 50% of total protein of concentrate feed mixture in fattening buffalo calves rations tended to produce better nutrient digestibility and feeding values. Moreover, animals fed rations containing DDGS had higher weight gains and lower feed cost with the best economical efficiency without any adverse effects on ruminal or blood serum parameters.

his study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplemented diets of lactating goats by three levels (0, 10 and 30 gm/goat/day) from either dry (ungerminated; DFS) or germinated fenugreek seeds (GFS) on their productive and reproductive performance. A feeding trial was conducted using forty-five Zaraibi goats (31.2 ± 0.32 kg LBW and aged 3-4 years) at late pregnancy (two months before parturition) and postpartum periods which lasted 210 days (after parturition). The trial was continued during winter and summer seasons. Animals were divided into five similar groups (9 animals each) using the randomized complete block design. They were fed as groups on a basal ration where concentrate feed mixture (CFM) was 50% of requirements according to NRC (1981); while, roughage was offered at ad-libitum (berseem in winter and corn silage (CS) in summer). Control group (G1) fed ration without supplement while, G2 and G4 fed supplemented rations with 10 and 30g dry fenugreek seed/head/day; respectively. In addition, G3 and G5 fed supplemented rations with 10 and 30g germinated fenugreek seed/head/day; respectively. At the same time, five digestibility trials were conducted twice during experimental period in winter and another in summer season to determine the digestibility and feeding value of the experimental rations. Results indicated that germinated seeds process increased most of amino acids content in fenugreek seeds especially aspartic acid, phenylalanine and leucine. During winter and summer, feed intake and digestibility for all nutrients were significantly (P<0.05) increased by using germinated seeds with 30 g (G5) than those of the other groups. The same trend was observed with feeding values (TDN, DCP and DE). Daily milk yield was significantly increased with using level 30 g seeds as feed additive over the whole experimental period. Also, an improvement in 4% fat corrected milk yield was observed being 129, 120, 111 and 108% for G5, G4, G3 and G2 based on G1 as control (zero additives) over the 210-d experimental period. Milk fat and total solid contents were significantly higher for G5 than those of the others. While, no significant differences were observed for values of lactose and solid non-fat. There was an improvement in feed efficiency as kg produced milk per kg DMI, TDNI or DCPI for G5 (30 g germinated additive) in comparison of control and the other tested rations. So, it was reflected on economical efficiency which recorded 112% increase for G5 comparing with control 100% during experimental period. No deleterious effects on liver, kidney functions and general health of the animals those were fed the manipulated rations. Germination process with level 30 g additive fenugreek seeds had significant (P<0.05) positive effect on final weight, total gain and average daily gain for kids during suckling period. Also, it noticed that mortality rate gradually decreased with increasing additive levels or GFS versus DFS. There were essential improvement in reproductive performance of does in next mating season as estrus r...

his study was conducted to study the effect of bacteria isolated, commercial enzymes and yeast culture as feed additives in rations of lactating Zaraibi Goats on nutrients digestibility, nutritive values, milk yield, milk composition, blood metabolites and economical return. Twenty four lactating Zaraibi Goats averaged 42.20 ± 1.28 kg live body weight (LBW) at the 3 rd and 4 th parities were assigned after parturition to four similar groups (6animals each). Animals were fed concentrate feed mixture and berseem at the rate of 60: 40 % on DM basis, respectively (as a basal ration). The first group (G1) fed a basal ration without feed additives, the second group (G2) fed the basal ration with 10 g/doe/day of bacteria isolated, the third group (G3) fed a basal ration plus 10 g/doe/day of fibrozyme and the fourth group (G4) fed a basal ration with 10 g/doe/day of yeast culture (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae 1×10 9 CFU/g) during 15 weeks of lactation period. Results indicated that rations of G2, G3 and G4 significantly (P<0.05) increased DM, OM and CF digestibility in comparison with ration of G1. The second group (G2) was significantly (P<0.05) increased EE digestibility as compared to control and other additives rations. Group (G4) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in CP digestibility and DCP% than other groups (G1, G2 and G3). Animals fed rations supplemented with isolated bacteria or yeast culture had significantly (P<0.05) higher in TDN % than those in others. Milk yield and fat corrected milk (4% FCM) increased by (20.46 % and 21.19 %) for G3, (18.06% and 17.34 %) for G4 and (14.28 % and 16.46 %) for G2, respectively, compared to the control group. Milk content of fat, Protein, SNF and TS were significantly (P<0.05) higher in Goats fed rations G2 and G3 comparing with those in G1 and G4. Lactose was significantly (P<0.05) higher for G3. Feed efficiency values as kg 4% FCM per one kg DM, TDN or DCP were higher with G2, G3 and G4 rations than that of G1 ration. Blood parameters were in the normal physiological ranges with no adverse effect on dairy Goats health. Animals of G4 had a significantly (P<0.05) higher in concentration of plasma protein fraction (total protein, Albumin and globulin) compared with the others groups .The fourth group (G4) had significantly (P<0.05) higher for AST (IU/L) than G2. While, ALT value (IU/L) for G3 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in control ration (G1). Economic efficiency value was the highest with G2 followed by G4 while, G3 had the lowest value as compared to the control ration G1. In general, results of the current study indicated that using bacteria isolated, fibrozyme and yeast culture as feed additives in lactating Goats rations plays important role in improving nutrients digestibility, feeding values, milk yield prolonged the persistency period and maintained body weight change. Economically, it is clear that bacteria isolated supplementation is superior to the other treatment groups and the cheapest price.

Thirty females Zaraibi goats (27.40 ±0.60 kg LBW and aged 3-4 years) at late pregnancy(two months before parturition) and postpartum periods (seven months after parturition) were used in five equal groups(6 animals each) to compare the effect of five different feeding allowances on feed intake, nutrients digestibility, milk yield and composition, some blood constituents, and feed and economic efficiencies during suckling and milking periods (210 days) as well as their offspring performance from birth to weaning. Each group was allotted to receive G1, feeding allowance of APRI (2009),G2 and G3 as 100 and 80 % of NRC feeding allowance (1981), respectively, G4 as Kearl feeding allowance (1982) and G5 as traditional production system as control. All does were fed a ration consisted of concentrate feed mixture (CFM), berseem as fresh or hay and rice straw according to the previous feeding allowances. The obtained results indicated that does fed G4 or G1showed the highest digestibility and nutritive value of the most nutrients except CF% and DCP% and their values were nearly similar. While, those fed G5 had the lowest digestibility and nutritive values in all nutrients except NFE%. The body weight changes was numerically increased with animals fed G2, G3, G4 and then G1, respectively during lactation period. While, animals fed G5 had a slight decrease in live body weight (-0.4 kg) during lactation periods. Milk yield during both suckling and milking periods for goats fed nutrient allowances of G1, G2, G4 and then G3, respectively was significantly (P <0.05) higher compared with those fed G5 allowance. Also, the daily milk yield during all lactating periods (210 days) of Zaribi goats were increased by (69.57%) for G1, G2 and G4 and by (33.33%) for G3, respectively compared with G5. The milk contents of fat, protein, lactose, TS and SNF% were decreased with goats fed G5 compared to those fed G1, G2,G3and G4 with significant differences among them. Results of the blood plasma constituents indicated that total protein, globulin, albumin, urea-N, creatinine, ALT and AST values were within the normal ranges. Goats fed G5 had the lowest feed efficiency compared with other feeding allowance groups in both of suckling and milking periods. The economic return (LE/goat/day) was higher with G1 followed by G2, G4 and then G3 feeding groups, respectively during suckling periods. While, G2 was the highest values followed by G3, G1 and then G4 feeding groups, respectively during milking periods. Whereas, G5 group was the lowest one in both suckling and milking periods. Birth weight of born kids, weaning weight and daily weight gain of kids were significantly (P< 0.05) higher with goats fed G1 than those fed other feeding allowances. It could be concluded that for optimum productivity of goats, at early lactation (suckling period), 80% of NRC 1981 or APRI 2009 allowances can be used in Zaraibi goats feeding. On the other side, at late lactation (milking period), 100 % NRC 1981 or both of 80% of NRC 1981 and APRI 2009 allowances can be ...