No abstract

No abstract

Essential oils (EO), as new bioactive compounds, have been used for pharmaceutical applications. In this study, EO of Niaouli was found to have a high content in 1,8-cineole (58.53%). Furthermore, pinene, α-terpineol, nerolidol and ledene were found to be its components with an abundance of above 2%. Niaouli EO also had effects as inhibitor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation (p<0.05). In the molecular docking study, this effect was explored. The natural ligand OdDHL, the bound ligand TP-1 (Triphenyl-1), the major component 1,8-cineole and the other components with significant abundance were docked against the binding region of the LasR protein. The docking study exhibited that 1,8-cineole together with the other components investigated could inhibit LasR competitively. Its effect on cell viability was also HIGHLIGHTS• Essential oil (EO) of Niaouli is an inhibitor on biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa.• The main components of Niaouli EO act as possible inhibitors of LasR.• The inhibition effect of these molecules on LasR is verified by molecular docking.• Niaouli EO has effects on cell viability of fibroblast cells at high concentrations.• Niaouli is a valuable essential oil for pharmaceutical applications.Onem, E; et al.

Sarımsak (Allium sativum L.) insan sağlığına yararlı olduğu bilinen ve dünya mutfağında çok eski zamanlardan bu yana yer alan bir sebzedir. Sarımsağın karakteristik kokusu ve tadı nedeniyle çiğ olarak tüketimi sınırlıdır. Bu nedenle son yıllarda sağlığa yararlı etkileri korunarak, istenmeyen kokularından izole edilmiş yeni sarımsak ürünlerinin eldesi için birçok metot denenmektedir. Bu amaçla üretilmiş olan siyah sarımsak birçok ülke ve hatta ülkemizde çok fazla bilinmemekte ve tüketilmemektedir. Yapılan bu çalışma ile siyah sarımsağın yapısında bulunan bazı fenolik bileşikler Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografisi (HPLC) ile araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca metanol ile hazırlanan ekstraktının Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01'in sentezlediği ve patogenezinde önemli rolü olan piyosiyanin ve elastaz üretimi ile biyofilm oluşumu üzerine inhibisyon etkisine bakılmıştır. HPLC analiz sonuçlarına göre fenolik bileşiklerden kuersetin, klorojenik asit, vanillin, p-kumarik asit, p-hidroksi benzoik asit farklı oranlarda tespit edilmiştir. Mikrobiyal aktivite sonuçlarına göre ise siyah sarımsak metanol ekstraktının piyosiyanin ve elastaz üretimi ile biyofilm oluşumu üzerine (sırasıyla %38, %28 ve %84 inhibisyon oranlarıyla) inhibisyon etkisinin anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür.

In early December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in Wuhan, China's Hubei province. On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization and International Public Health declared the outbreak an emergency, and as of 23.03.2021, laboratory-approved 123,097,155 cases and 2,716,151 deaths were reported worldwide. The perceived risk of disease has led many countries to adopt various control measures. Emerging genetic and clinical evidence suggests a pathway similar to SARS and MERS. Potential therapeutic strategies that are currently being evaluated derive mainly from previous experience with Covid-19 treatment. Although several potential treatments for COVID-19 with SARS and MERS have been identified in animal and in vitro models, human clinical trials are still lacking, which hinders the progress of potential measures. This review requires an overview of the three major deadly coronaviruses and an assessment of risk factors applicable lessons to stop their spread by leveraging lessons learned from the first two deadly coronavirus outbreaks by identifying areas for improvement in future preparedness plans. The first lessons from the persistence and spread of the outbreak can help inform public health officials and medical practitioners in their efforts to combat its progress. Also, in this review, the pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine strategies of the disease are reviewed.

Although Salmonella cause serious infections in animals, they are also of great importance with their zoonotic features. In this study, the antibacterial effects of myrrh (Commiphora myrrha) essential oil on poultry and human isolated Salmonella spp., S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, also Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300), Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922) were investigated agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) were determined micro dilution methods. In addition bioactive components analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer GC / MS. According to the results of GC-MS, major component of myrrh essential oil is curzerene with 24.99 % rate. This was followed by beta elemene with 21.75%. A total of 106 components were detected, and the other components detected were found at between 0.01% and 1.88% rate. Antibacterial test result showed that the zone diameter range of essential oil on Salmonella spp. isolates have been determined between 7.75 mm and 9.75 mm and MIC values ranging from 12.4 µg / ml to 49.6 µg / ml. In reference strains, it was seen that the most effective result was on Gram-positive bacteria.

The aim of this study is to investigate the phytochemical contents and antibacterial properties of 2‐year Prunus avium L. standard cultivars [Cristalina (Cr), 0900 Ziraat (Zr)] and to elucidate the mechanism of action of the extracts on the quorum sensing (QS) system by using homology modelling and molecular docking. Phenolic contents of methanol extract of Cr and Zr stalks were detected by HPLC. As a result, catechin hydrate (6364·67–8127·93 µg g−1) and chlorogenic acid (998·81–1273·4 µg g−1) were found to be the highest in stalk extracts in the two varieties in 2017. All extracts had inhibitory effect on Gram‐positive bacteria. Stalk extract of Zr showed higher inhibition rate (86%) on swarming motility. Stalk samples of Zr collected in 2017 and 2018 also reduced biofilm formation by 75 and 73%, respectively. The computational analysis revealed that one of the major component of the extracts, chlorogenic acid, was able to bind to the QS system receptors, LasR, RhlR, and PqsR. Therefore, the mechanism of decreasing the production of virulence factors by the extracts might be through inhibiting these receptors and thus interfering with the QS system.

Current study focused on two phases; in the first the composition and the amount of extractives were determined. Thus, hexane and acetone:water (95:5, v:v) extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Liquidamber orientalis bark were analysed by GC-MS to determine lipophilic and hydrophilic extractive composition of these species. The second phase was to identify anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm and anti-swarming effects of the gathered extractives. Total amount of lipophilic extractives was found 3.90 mg/g in E. camaldulensis whereas it was determined as 7.67 mg/g in L. orientalis bark. However, total amount of hydrophilic extractives in E. camaldulensis bark (55.51 mg/g) had almost 1.5 times more than L. orientalis bark (39.19 mg/g). Fatty acids and sugar groups were the dominant groups as lipophilic and hydrophilic, respectively, in both species. Anti-bacterial test was carried out by using three Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and three Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01) strains with agar well diffusion method. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extracts were also determined using the micro-dilution method. When hexane and acetone:water (95:5, v:v) extracts of E. camaldulensis and the acetone:water (95:5, v:v) extract of L. orientalis have anti-bacterial effect on Gram-positive bacteria but they do not have anti-bacterial effect on the tested Gram-negative bacteria. Whereas the hexane extract of L. orientalis did not show anti-bacterial activity on any tested strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration of these extracts ranged from 0.52 to 51.5 mg/ml. It was also found that hexane extract of E. camaldulensis inhibited biofilm formation and acetone extract of L. orientalis and E. camaldulensis indicated anti-swarming activity on P. aeruginosa PA01.