In this survey, 150 samples of raw milk, white cheese and ice cream from three different dairy‐processing plants in Ankara were analysed to find out if they were contaminated with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus or Bacillus cereus. The highest contamination percentages were found in raw milk samples as follows: B. cereus (90%), E. coli (74%) and S. aureus (56%) followed by cheese (70% B. cereus, 60% E. coli, and 48% S. aureus) and ice cream (56% E. coli, 36% S. aureus and 20% B. cereus). The survey showed that 2% of cheese samples were contaminated with E. coli O157. It was also found that the numbers of S. aureus and E. coli in raw milk, cheese and ice cream samples exceeded the numbers permitted under the Turkish Food Codex (TFC). The number of B. cereus in raw milk, cheese and ice cream samples was lower than the limit given in the TFC standards. The study also showed that E. coli and S. aureus exhibit resistance to ampicillin, penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Escherichia coli isolates also showed resistance to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin but none of them exhibited resistance to cefotaxime. All S. aureus isolates were found to be susceptible to cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. Bacillus cereus isolates were found to be resistant to ampicillin, penicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and sensitive to cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin erythromycin, gentamicin and tetracycline.
ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı; Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmenlerinin mesleki tükenmişlik ve mesleki tükenmişliğin alt boyutları olan duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma ve kişisel başarı düzeylerini çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini Ankara ili ilköğretim okullarında görev yapan 204 Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada Ergin (1993) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan "Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için ölçeğe verilen cevaplara t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (F) uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda; Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmenlerinin cinsiyetlerinin mesleki tükenmişliğin alt boyutları olan duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma ve kişisel başarıyı etkilemediği, mesleki kıdemlerinin mesleki tükenmişliğin alt boyutlarından olan duygusal tükenmeyi etkilediği, duyarsızlaşma ve kişisel başarıyı etkilemediği görülmektedir. Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmenlerinin manevi doyumlarının duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma ve kişisel başarıyı etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmenlerinin mesleklerini isteyerek yapma durumları ile duygusal tükenme düzeyleri arasındaki fark mesleğini isteyerek yapmayanların lehine anlamlı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmenlerinin üstlerinden takdir görme durumları ile duygusal tükenme ve kişisel başarı alt boyutları arasındaki farkın anlamlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar sözcükler: Sosyal bilgiler öğretmenleri, mesleki tükenmişlik, duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma, kişisel başarı. AbstractThe purpose of the present study is to analyse the occupational burnout levels of the Social Studies teachers, and the levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplisment in terms of several variables. The sample of the survey consists of 204 Social Studies teachers who perform a duty in elementary schools in Ankara. In the survey "Maslach Burnout Inventory" which was adapted to Turkish by Ergin (1993) was put to use. T-test and one-way variance analysis (F) were applied to the answers given to the scale for the analysis of the data. As a result of the survey; It was found out that the gender of the teachers of Social Studies does not have any effect on emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplisment that are the lower dimensions of the occupational burnout. It was inferred from the survey that the inward satisfaction of the teachers of Social Studies has effect on the emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplisment. The correlation between the teachers of Social Studies attempt to carry out their occupation eagerly and their emotional exhaustion is identified in favour of those who do not perform their profession eagerly. In addition, it was found out that the correlation is significant between Social Studies teachers' expectation to receive appreciation from their senior and the lower dimensions of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplisment.
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