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Marine sponges are known as a rich source for novel bioactive compounds with valuable pharmacological potential. One of the most predominant sponge genera is Hyrtios, reported to have various species such as Hyrtios erectus, Hyrtios reticulatus, Hyrtios gumminae, Hyrtios communis, and Hyrtios tubulatus and a number of undescribed species. Members of the genus Hyrtios are a rich source of natural products with diverse and valuable biological activities, represented by different chemical classes including alkaloids, sesterterpenes and sesquiterpenes. This review covers the literature until June 2016, providing a complete survey of all compounds isolated from the genus Hyrtios with their corresponding biological activities whenever applicable.

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Marine organisms and their associated microbes are rich in diverse chemical leads. With the development of marine biotechnology, a considerable number of research activities are focused on marine bacteria and fungi-derived bioactive compounds. Marine bacteria and fungi are ranked on the top of the hierarchy of all organisms, as they are responsible for producing a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites with possible pharmaceutical applications. Thus, they have the potential to provide future drugs against challenging diseases, such as cancer, a range of viral diseases, malaria, and inflammation. This review aims at describing the literature on secondary metabolites that have been obtained from Scleractinian-associated organisms including bacteria, fungi, and zooxanthellae, with full coverage of the period from 1982 to 2020, as well as illustrating their biological activities and structure activity relationship (SAR). Moreover, all these compounds were filtered based on ADME analysis to determine their physicochemical properties, and 15 compounds were selected. The selected compounds were virtually investigated for potential inhibition for SARS-CoV-2 targets using molecular docking studies. Promising potential results against SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and methyltransferase (nsp16) are presented.

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The present work reports the synthesis of 20 novel fluorine-containing quinoline and pyrimido [4,5-b]quinoline derivatives bearing a sulfonamide moiety. The new synthesized compounds were designed in compliance with the general pharmacophoric requirements for carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibiting anticancer drugs, as this may play a role in their anticancer activity. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell line (MCF7). Compounds 11 and 12 exhibited better activities than the reference drug doxorubicin (IC 50 = 71.8 lM) with IC 50 values of 52.6 lM and 67.3 lM, respectively. On the other hand, compounds 6, 10, and 13 showed IC 50 values (71.8 lM, 69.8 lM, and 70.8 lM, respectively) comparable to that of the reference drug doxorubicin. In addition, docking of the synthesized compounds into human carbonic anhydrase isozyme II (hCA II) active site was performed in order to predict the affinity and the orientation of these compounds at the isozyme active site. Also, the most active compounds, 11 and 12, were selected and evaluated for their ability to enhance the cell killing effect of c-radiation.

Some novel 4-(quinolin-1-yl)-benzenesulfonamide and 4-(pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolin-10-yl)-benzenesulfonamide derivatives have been synthesized. All the newly synthesized target compounds were subjected to in vitro cytotoxic screening to be evaluated for their anticancer activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. Among these new compounds, compounds 9a, 11, 12b, 18 and, in particular, 19 showed promising in vitro cytotoxic activity compared with doxorubicin (CAS 23214-92-8) as a reference drug. Moreover, compound 8 exhibited in vivo radioprotective activity against gamma-irradiation in mice.