A registry of the rural population in the Altai region exposed to fallout from nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk test site (STS) was established more than four decades after the first Soviet nuclear explosion on August 29, 1949. Information about individuals living in an exposed and a control area was collected using all available local sources, such as kolkhoz documentation, school registries, medical treatment records and interviews with residents. As a result, a database comprising an exposed group of 39 179 individuals from 53 Altai region villages, 6769 external and 3303 internal controls was compiled. For several settlements, effective dose estimates reached the level of 1.5 Sv, while the average effective dose estimate in the exposed group was 340 mSv. Dosimetric data, vital status information and health records gathered at rayon and village medical facilities are held in the registry. Cause-of-death information for deceased residents is obtained from death registration forms archived at the Altai region vital statistics office. At present, a follow-up of approximately 40% of the population exposed in 1949 has been done. More will be added by searching for migrants to the larger towns of the Altai region, i.e. Barnaul, Rubtsovsk and Biisk. In order to assess the influence of radiation exposure, analytical studies with a case-control design for stomach and lung cancer are currently being prepared. The number of known cases is sufficient to detect an odds ratio of 1.5 at the 95% confidence level. Epidemiological studies in populations affected by fallout from STS may be equally important to the atomic bomb survivors' study for the direct quantification of radiation effects. The range of exposure rates experienced will extend the acute high-dose-rate findings from Hiroshima/Nagasaki towards acute and protracted lower exposures, which are more relevant for radiation protection issues.
Abstract. Electrophoretic sedimentation of graphene oxide on both the flat surface of copper foils and on the cylindrical surface of copper wires was investigated. It is shown that during an electrophoresis of the order of minutes, it is possible to obtain graphene oxide (GO) films of micron thicknesses on copper wires, metal foils and anodes of complex shape. It has also been established that self-deposition occurs (without applying voltage) GO from dispersion on Cu, Ni, Al metals. This process is much slower than electrophoresis.
This paper analyzes the problem of multiphase flow metering in the oil and gas industry. The main types of multiphase flow meters, their advantages and disadvantages are considered. A schematic diagram of a multiphase flow meter is proposed, which includes a mixture homogenizer, a Coriolis flow meter, an IR fraction meter and is based on the concept of intelligent measuring systems. An experimental pouring stand has been developed for conducting studies of the absorption of near-infrared radiation in a gas-liquid mixture stream. Studies have been carried out on the absorption of near-infrared radiation in a multiphase flow for a volumetric gas content of 5 and 10% in the range of liquid moisture content from 10 to 90% in increments of 20%. Based on the results of the study, a generalized correlation dependence is obtained. A computational and experimental method is proposed for determining the volumetric ratio of phases in a flow using the parameters of absorption of near-infrared radiation, which can be applied to various ranges of gas content.
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