The dynamics of the seasonal activity of exometabolites was studied for the lianas from the families: Araceae — Epipremnum aureum G.S. Bunting, Monstera deliciosa Liebm. var. borsigiana h Araliaceae — Hedera helix L. and Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms. The antimicrobial activity of intact plants was evaluated by treating inoculated microbial test cultures Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. in Petri dished with the volatile emissions of plants. Antimicrobial action was measured in comparison with the reference using the scale of phytoncide activity. The species and seasonal specificity of antimicrobial activity of exometabolites of intact plant leaves was revealed. All the studied plants exhibited moderate seasonal activity against S. epidermidis. Long-term seasonal activity was detected for S. octophylla. Pronounced activity against E. coli was detected in the species H. helix, M. deliciosa var. borsigiana and S. octophylla, while antifungal action was detected in the species E. aureum and S. octophylla. Substantial antifungal and antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis was observed during intense growth during summer and in the autumn-winter period. These experimental data provide evidence of species-specific antimicrobial activity during different periods of seasonal development of plants against the test objects.
Data on the taxonomic composition of tropical and subtropical lianas in the greenhouse collection of the Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences are presented. Currently, the collection of lianas includes 136 species (65 varieties and hybrids), 48 genera, 29 families. The largest families are Araceae (60 species) and Vitaceae (13 species), the largest generas are Philodendron (43 species) and Passiflora (9 species). More than half of the species are representatives of the flora of South and Central America (54.8 %). The collection includes endemics of western and southwestern Madagascar; New Zealand; Ecuador and South Brazil. The most numerous biomorphological group is the group of leaning lianas – 63 species. We estimated the success of the introduction and the decorative effect of blooms and leaf of the lianas in the collection. Our results showed about 55 % of species can be assigned to the groups of promising and very promising plants for introduction. The other part of the collection (45 % of species) is unpromising. The main reasons for the decrease in the success of the introduction of these species are the absence of blooms and, accordingly, of germinating seeds. Bloom is observed only in 50 species of lianas in the greenhouse collection. About 20 species had the highest estimates of the decorativeness of bloom (8–9 points). High decorative qualities of non-bloom species are provided by leaves of large size, unusual shape, color or surface texture.
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