Technical actions for decrease in harmful effects on the surrounding environment from the rotating furnaces of agglomeration of JSC RUSAL Achinskare offered. Additional technical solution on tertiary treatment of flue gases of the furnace of agglomeration in a scrubber electric precipitators and the direction of purified gases on repartition of carbonization of the aluminous shop is developed. the providing decrease in harmful emissions in the atmosphere to the level of maximum-permissible concentration. The carried-out trial tests of the offered technology confirmed that except effective purification of flue gases of furnaces of agglomeration of inorganic dust and carbon dioxide the high extent of decomposition of alyuminatny solution necessary for technology of receiving alumina is provided.
To reduce the impact of alumina sludge storage on the environment, a number of environmental technical solutions have been tested and implemented. Laying a polymeric film on a bed slurry maps and the construction of artificial water level decrease led to the absence of anthropogenic interference, and created favorable conditions for ensuring the stability of the ecological system in the area adjacent to the sludge storage. After the implementation of the environmental events area negative impact of sludge decreased to 150–200 m from the contour of the slurry of the map, outside this zone there are qualitative changes in the chemical composition of groundwater, the alkaline reaction of the environment decreases less than 8.0 units, chemical composition of groundwater is virtually the same background.
In this paper, it is the previous system of gas treatmenton sintering furnaces used at JSC “RUSAL Achinsk”, consisting of a dust chamber and electro filters, did not provide the necessary treatment degree. Old four-field electro filters were not effective and required constant replacement and adjustment of electrode systems and shaking mechanisms. Shown that the modernization of gas treatment equipment in alumina production reduces the emissions of polluted substances into the air. The introduction of technical solutions for modernization of obsolete and worn-out electric filters to more modern and efficient five-layer electro filters increases the degree of gas treatment from sintering furnaces from inorganic dust. The introduction of an additional stage of “wet” gas treatment on sintering furnaces in scrubbers has been confirmed by industrial tests, while ensuring high efficiency of gas treatment from fine-disperse dust. When using sub-sludge water as an irrigation liquid at the stage of “wet” gas treatment, it was not necessary to build additional treatment facilities, since the modernization project provides for its subsequent return to the hydrochemistry shop for technological needs.
Ecological monitoring in the impact zone of an industrial enterprise that produces alumina will ensure effective management of production processes. In the course of monitoring in the area of sludge farm near Achinsk alumina plant in Russia, systematic observations and timely detection of underground water contamination, determining the size of the contamination area, as well as studying the development of the underground water contamination area in time and space is carried out. In wells located in the immediate proximity of the sludge storage, maximum values of alkalinity, potassium and bicarbonate are observed and away from the sludge storage, the values of these indicators decrease. It is established that the zone of negative impact is located within 300-500 m from the contour of the sludge storage, outside of which the chemical composition of underground water almost corresponds to the background. Monitoring studies of the soil in the area adjacent to the sludge storage showed their recovery after reclamation and phytosanation. The analysis has shown that the ecological monitoring system at JSC “RUSAL Achinsk” combines all the necessary components: instrument and hardware maintenance, a measurement organization system, and a set of methods for analyzing the results of observations, providing all the necessary conditions for its implementation in practice.
A technology has been developed and tested on an industrial scale for the restoration of disturbed lands contaminated with alkali-containing sludge waters. In the process of field research, the use of various neutralized soil neutralizers in the area adjacent to the alumina sludge storage facility was verified. Tests confirmed that the most effective neutralizer of alkaline soil is ammonium sulfate, which reduces the pH of the aqueous extract from 10,2 to 8,2 units. Using non-toxic technogenic materials, substrate compositions have been developed to restore the potentially fertile layer and the technology of ecological rehabilitation of disturbed lands for their subsequent use has been tested.
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