To reduce the impact of alumina sludge storage on the environment, a number of environmental technical solutions have been tested and implemented. Laying a polymeric film on a bed slurry maps and the construction of artificial water level decrease led to the absence of anthropogenic interference, and created favorable conditions for ensuring the stability of the ecological system in the area adjacent to the sludge storage. After the implementation of the environmental events area negative impact of sludge decreased to 150–200 m from the contour of the slurry of the map, outside this zone there are qualitative changes in the chemical composition of groundwater, the alkaline reaction of the environment decreases less than 8.0 units, chemical composition of groundwater is virtually the same background.
A technology has been developed and tested on an industrial scale for the restoration of disturbed lands contaminated with alkali-containing sludge waters. In the process of field research, the use of various neutralized soil neutralizers in the area adjacent to the alumina sludge storage facility was verified. Tests confirmed that the most effective neutralizer of alkaline soil is ammonium sulfate, which reduces the pH of the aqueous extract from 10,2 to 8,2 units. Using non-toxic technogenic materials, substrate compositions have been developed to restore the potentially fertile layer and the technology of ecological rehabilitation of disturbed lands for their subsequent use has been tested.
The article describes the developed engineering technological measures. They increase the operation life of road structures with the use of technogenic non-toxic materials. It is recommended to use activating additives to accelerate the process of road mixtures hardening. The introduction of gypsum anhydrite waste in an amount of 5 % into the crushed-nepheline road mixtures provides an increase in their strength characteristics by 1.8–2.2 times and increases the frost resistance of the road surface. This allows recommending the developed structure of region road pavement in regions with an average monthly air temperature of the coldest month from -15oC to-30oC. The conducted industrial tests of the proposed engineering technological measures confirmed the results of the research and provided their practical implementation in the technology of laying the lower base of the road pavement.
The influence of nepheline sludge on the soil of a roadside strip when used in the device of road coverings is studied. Chemical analysis of soil samples taken from the roadside strip of a highway constructed using a base made of nepheline sludge was performed. It is shown that the change in the content of calcium-the main element of the sludge at a distance from 5 to 100 m from the road did not exceed its value in the background sample, and the content of exchangeable aluminum in the soil of the analyzed areas was at a very low level-less than 0.5 mg/kg and practically did not affect its content in the soil at all sampling points from 0 to 150 m from the road. Based on the conducted ecotoxicity studies using single-and dicotyledonous plants, the possibility of using nepheline sludge as a component of road covering in the form of a nepheline-crushed stone mixture has been established and the absence of toxicity in the analyzed soil samples at various distances from the roadside strip has been proved.
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