Role of limbic system, first of all, hippocampal formation, is carefully analyzed in literature because of its involvement in different psychiatric diseases. Results are contradictory, may be because of insufficient data of normal volumes of structures involving in cognitive and affective functioning of the brain. Hippocampus is very complex organized structure consisting of different subfields and subregions which probably differently changes in different psychiatric diseases. Aim of our study was to analyzed changes in volumes of the whole hippocampus, its subregions and subfields in different psychiatric diseases. In our study we have analyzed MRI morphometry of hippocampal formation in healthy volunteers, patients with Alzheimerdisease (AD) in early stage, vascular dementia (VD), depression based on medical literatureandourexperience. Patients were divided on 4 groups: 10 patients with early Alzheimer disease, 10 normal volunteers, 10 patients with vascular dementia and 10 patients with depression. We have determined method of definition and volume evaluation of different hippocampal subfields. We find difference in the volumes of CA3, molecular stratum and fascia dentatain early stage of AD; in the volume of hippocampal tail, molecular stratum of fascia dentataand CA3 in patients with VD; in molecular stratum of fasciadentata, fimbria and CA3 in patients with depression because of role of these fields in coordination of hippocampal activity.
In our study we have analyzed MRI of mediobasal parts of temporal lobes in healthy volunteers and patients with Alzheimer disease in early stage based on medical literature and our experience. We have determined method of defnition and volume evaluation of different hippocampal subfelds.
In clinical practice, the assessment of the cumulative risk of drug-induced osteoporosis in patients with mental disorders is difficult because there are no algorithms to reveal patients with a high risk of antipsychotic-induced osteoporosis and BMD is not evaluated in patients with mental disorders. 95 patients aged from 21 to 60 years with a mental illness duration of at least 12 months on antipsychotics and anticonvulsants therapy were examined. 23 patients (24%) had shown a violation of BMD. There is a significant correlation between the number of risk factors and a decrease in BMD. However, additional study of pharmacogenetic and laboratory data on the risk of osteoporosis is required, which will make it possible to plan therapy more precisely, additionally prescribe drugs that regulate BMD in these categories of patients.
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