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This prospective follow-up study of 422 19-yr-old subjects born very preterm in The Netherlands was performed to determine whether intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) predisposes to abnormal GFR and microalbuminuria in adolescents. GFR (ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ) was estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation, and albumin-creatinine ratio (mg/mmol) was calculated in a cohort of 19-yr-old subjects born very preterm (gestational age <32 wk) in 1983. Birth weights were adjusted for gestational age and expressed as standard deviation scores (sds) as a measure of IUGR. All subjects had normal renal function. Birth weight (sds) was associated negatively with serum creatinine concentration (mol/L) (␤ ‫؍‬ ؊1.0 mol/L, 95% confidence interval [CI]: ؊1.9 to ؊0.2), positively with GFR (␤ ‫؍‬ 3.0, 95% CI: 1.7 to 4.2), and negatively with the logarithm of albumin-creatinine ratio (␤ ‫؍‬ ؊0.05, 95% CI: ؊0.09 to ؊0.01) in young adults born very preterm. IUGR is associated with unfavorable renal functions at young adult age in subjects born very premature. These data suggest that intrauterine growth-retarded subjects born very premature have an increased risk to develop progressive renal failure in later life.

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In infants born very preterm, weight gain before 32 wk of gestation is positively associated with adult body size but not with body composition and fat distribution. More early postnatal and, to a lesser extent, late infancy weight gain are associated with higher BMI SD scores and percentage body fat and more abdominal fat at age 19 y.