The electro‐ and thermomigration of 64Cu in Pb is investigated by the steady‐state method. In the electrical dc‐field Cu is transported to the cathode (like Ag whereas Au migrates to the anode). The effective charge zCueff varies between 1.0 and 1.1 in the investigated temperature range from 454 to 576 K. The results indicate, that the major contribution to zCueff arises from the electrostatic field force. In a temperature gradient Cu migrates to the hot side in contrast to Ag and Au with an apparent heat of transport Q* = −0.204 eV. The solid solubility of Cu in Pb is investigated and is found to decrease from 13 to 2 at ppm between 600 and 450 K.
Using the steady‐state method electromigration of Au195 and Ag110m in Pb was investigated at different temperatures. z*Au eff varies linearly with l/ϱ from −1.12 at 298 to −2.05 at 188 °C. z*Ag eff is about +1. For interpreting the results it has been considered that the friction force results from a scattering by electrons and holes. It is suggested that a slight difference in the scattering cross sections of the moving ions might be responsible for the opposite migration direction of Au and Ag. The results of Au in Pb indicate that and electrostatic force is effective in addition to the friction force. Thermomigration of Ag110m in Pb yielded Q*(Ag/Pb) = 4.3 kcal/mol.
Thermomigration of 195Au in Pb is investigated in the temperature range between 435 and 545 K applying the steady‐state technique. In contrast to similar experiments of Ag and Cu in Pb strange concentration profiles are observed showing a sharp increase in gold concentration near the cold side of the samples. As an explanation the formation of slowly diffusing gold complexes is assumed. For this type of defect a formation enthalpy of (0.33 ± 0.07) eV is calculated in good agreement with results reported for the formation of AuAu disubstitutional defects. The heat of transport Q Au* decreases with increasing temperature from 0.163 to 0.053 eV.
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