Atomic transport of gold and silver in lead in a DC field

Abstract

Using the steady‐state method electromigration of Au195 and Ag110m in Pb was investigated at different temperatures. z*Au eff varies linearly with l/ϱ from −1.12 at 298 to −2.05 at 188 °C. z*Ag eff is about +1. For interpreting the results it has been considered that the friction force results from a scattering by electrons and holes. It is suggested that a slight difference in the scattering cross sections of the moving ions might be responsible for the opposite migration direction of Au and Ag. The results of Au in Pb indicate that and electrostatic force is effective in addition to the friction force. Thermomigration of Ag110m in Pb yielded Q*(Ag/Pb) = 4.3 kcal/mol.

Electromigration and residual resistivity of cobalt in gold

“…Equation (1) has been experimentally checked for different systems, e.g. for pure Au [16], Sn in Au [17], and Au in P b [18] and was found to be valid within experimental error. The quantitative comparison between calculated and measured values of x , however, is impeded by the not very accurately knownpseudopotentials and by experimental difficulties in obtaining the true effective charge zeff necessary to interpret equation (1).…”