The particle film technology based on processed kaolin sprays has been recently introduced for the control of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), the key pest of olive groves. A 3-year field experiment was conducted from 2005 to 2007 at Villarejo de Salvanés, Spain to assess the efficacy of a kaolin-based product (Surround WP) for controlling B. oleae and two other olive insect pests: the olive black scale Saissetia oleae (Olivier) and the olive psyllid Euphyllura olivina (Costa). The effects of Surround WP on the arthropod community of olive trees and on natural enemies were also evaluated. In a high olive fruit fly pressure year (2007), Surround WP sprays significantly reduced the incidence of B. oleae and that of S. oleae. However, Surround WP treatments did not have any effect on E. olivina populations. Both the abundance and the diversity of arthropods were reduced by Surround WP treatment. The principal response curve (PRC) analysis revealed a significant deleterious effect of Surround WP on the natural enemy arthropod community of the olive grove. The most affected taxa were the following: the coccinellids Scymnus mediterraneus IablokoffKhnzorian, Stethorus punctillum Weise and Hyperaspis reppensis (Hbst.); the mirid Brachynotocoris ferreri n. sp. Baena (in litteris); different species of Orius and the families of Philodromidae, Scelionidae, Pteromalidae, Chrysopidae and Aphelinidae. Processed kaolin is proposed as an alternative to chemical control of the olive fruit fly. However, the effect of processed kaolin treatments on natural enemies should be taken into account in a rational pest control programme.
20The four-spotted coconut weevil, Diocalandra frumenti Fabricius (Coleoptera: 21 Curculionidae), is a small weevil found attacking economically important palm species
Tachinid flies are important for biological control of pests, because most species are parasitoids of insects. The objectives of this work were 1) to describe the species of tachinid flies captured by mass trapping devices against the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, in olive groves in Central Spain, and 2) to report on the selectivity of the different devices for this important group of insects. The study was carried out in two olive groves in the province of Madrid
ResumenTaquínidos (Diptera) capturados en trampas para trampeo masivo de Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) en olivares del centro de España Los taquínidos son importantes para el control biológico de plagas, ya que en su mayoría son parasitoides de insectos. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: 1) describir las especies de taquínidos capturados por dispositivos de trampeo masivo para la mosca del olivo, Bactrocera oleae, en olivares del centro de España, y 2) conocer la selectividad de los distintos dispositivos para este grupo de insectos. El estudio se llevó a cabo durante 2005 y 2008 en dos olivares de la provincia de Madrid. Se emplearon cinco dispositivos de trampeo masivo en 2005 y doce en 2008. El número total de especies de taquínidos capturadas fue 66. Algunas de ellas se comentan en detalle en virtud de su especial interés. Se cita por primera vez la presencia en la Península Ibérica de tres especies de taquínidos (Clemelis massilia, Schembria meridionalis y Ceromya flaviseta). Es destacable que el 72,3% de las capturas en 2008 fue de C. massilia. La comparación de los diferentes dispositivos de trampeo masivo indica que ninguno de ellos es selectivo para este importante grupo de parasitoides. El número de taquínidos capturados por trampa y temporada varió entre 1 y 13 en 2005, y entre 24 y 283 en 2008. Este es el primer estudio llevado a cabo en España sobre taquínidos capturados por dispositivos de trampeo masivo e indica la abundancia y diversidad de especies de estos insectos en los olivares, así como la pobre selectividad del trampeo masivo frente a ellos.
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