In recent decades, the demand for naked barley grain on the market has increased, that is why the breeders of the leading institutions of the Russian Federation resumed breeding research to develop new naked barley varieties. In this regard, the purpose of the current study was to develop a breeding material for naked spring barley, adapted to the conditions of the Rostov region and, on its basis, new varieties. There have been developed the new naked barley variety with high productivity and grain quality, adapted to the conditions of the North Caucasus. The study was carried out in the scientific crop rotation of the department of barley breeding and seed production of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (Zernograd) in 2014–2020. Based on the best local spring barley varieties (‘Leon’ and ‘Shchedry’) and naked varieties of the VIR collection (‘Mancuria’ (Sweden), ‘NB-OWA’ (Nepal), ‘CDC-Dawn’ (Canada), ‘K-3780’ (Tajikistan) and ‘Golozerny’ (RF)) there have been developed and studied the new naked barley lines. There was found that according to the trait ‘plant height’ the lines ‘Leon x Golozerny’ and ‘Leon x Mancuria’ belonged to the middle-height group (90.2 cm and 83.4 cm, respectively). The rest of the lines belonged to the tall group, their height varied from 96.5 cm to 100.3 cm. According to the trait ‘earing date’ there has been identified the line ‘Leon x Golozerny’ (24V), which is more early-ripening (5 days less than that of the standard). The same line turned out to be the only one that significantly exceeded the standard (the standard variety ‘Ratnik’ on 4.5 t/ha) according to productivity +0.3 t / ha, and taking into account the absence of hulls, this difference significantly increased to +0.7 t/ha. There was established that according to the trait ‘1000-grain weight’, the lines ‘Leon x Mancuria’, ‘Leon x CDC-Dawn’, ‘Leon x K-3780’ and ‘Leon x Golozerny’ significantly exceeded the standard variety. The best indicators of grain quality were identified for the lines ‘Leon x K-3780’ and ‘Leon x Golozerny’. The lines ‘Leon x Mancuria’ and ‘Leon x Golozerny’ were the most resistant to powdery mildew. The current paper has presented the characteristics of the new naked spring barley variety ‘Zernogradsky 1717’, which has a great productivity and a set of positive economically valuable traits.
Relevance. The conditions of the Rostov region are characterized by a change in environmental factors (severe winters, drought, waterlogging in some years, different levels of soil fertility, etc.), therefore, production requires varieties with a wide level of adaptivity, tolerance to the most harmful diseases, resistant to lodging, abiotic stress. The purpose of the research is to study varieties of various ecological and geographical origin and to identify sources of economically valuable traits and properties of winter barley for inclusion in breeding programs and their involvement in hybridization.Methods. The research was carried out in 2018–2021 in a variety test on the predecessor of peas. The study included 28 varieties of domestic (FSBI ANC «Donskoy», FSBI «North Caucasian FNAC», FSBI «National Grain Center named after P.P. Lukyanenko») and foreign (Ukraine, Germany) breeding. Weather conditions during the years of research made it possible to obtain relatively high yields in the nursery, as well as to fully evaluate the breeding material according to the main economically valuable characteristics and properties.Results. The highest yield was obtained for varieties Marusya (Russia) — 7.9 t/ha, Erema — 7.4 t/ha, Vivat — 7.3 t/ha (Russia), KWS-Meredian — 7.3 t/ha (Germany), Ogonkovsky — 7.2 t/ha (Russia). Two varieties can be distinguished as sources of precocity — Fox 1 (Russia) and KWS-Casino (Germany), in which earing was noted on May 12–13. The varieties Explorer 5 and Explorer 7 (Germany) stood out in terms of coarse grain. Such varieties as Capten (2.6 g), KWS-Meredian (2.5 g), Explorer 7 (Germany) (2.6 g), Galaktion (Switzerland) (2.5 g), Plato (Russia) (2.5 g) formed a high mass of grain from the ear. The sources of shortness are two varieties: Fox 1 (Russia) and KWS-Casino (Germany). According to the results of the analysis, varieties that can be used as a starting material in breeding programs for winter barley have been identified.
Ячмень-это универсальная сельскохозяйственная культура как по ареалу распространения, так и по разностороннему использованию. В последние годы в Госреестр селекционных достижений РФ наряду с традиционными пленчатыми сортами внесены и сорта голозерного ячменя. Зерно таких сортов более питательно, так как содержит повышенное содержание белков, витаминов, суммарное содержание аминокислот и др. В связи с отсутствием в Госреестре РФ по 6-му региону сортов голозерного ячменя особое значение приобретает вопрос о новом направлении в селекции сортов, адаптированных к почвенно-климатическим условиям Северо-Кавказского региона [1]. В статье представлены результаты изучения более 100 коллекционных сортообразцов голозерного ярового ячменя. Исследования проводили на полях отдела селекции и семеноводства ячменя ФГБНУ «Аграрный научный центр «Донской» в 2014-2016 гг. Выделены источники скороспелости: К-3426 (Япония), К-3754 (Япония), К-19109 (Индия), Голозерный (РФ), Голозерный 1 (РФ), Korona Laschego (Польша), Brunee (Эфиопия), К-26598 (Эфиопия), E.E.A.N.46 (Боливия); озерненности колоса: К-266 (Пакистан), К-26648 (Пакистан), Nigohadaka (Япония), К-16535 (РФ), 84469/70 (Чехия), 1218-524 (Чехия), Buck CDC (Канада); продуктивности: Дай-Май (Туркменистан), Акка (Израиль), К-19103 (Индия), К-3115 (Таджикистан), К-3118 (Таджикистан); с повышенными показателями белка, лизина и крахмала: Brunee (Эфиопия), S-264 (Мексика), К-266 (Пакистан), Омский голозерный 1 (РФ), Юдинский 1 (РФ), Акка (Израиль), К-1328 (Турция), Kitaki-nadaka (Япония), К-3426 (Япония), Komehadaka (Япония). По комплексу признаков выделились следующие сорта: Brunee (Эфиопия), S-264 (Мексика), К-266 (Пакистан), Омский голозерный 1 (РФ), Юдинский 1 (РФ), Komehadaka (Япония), Nigohadaka (Япония). Все они рекомендованы и используются в селекционных программах при создании нового селекционного материала голозерного ячменя, адаптированного к усилению аридности климата.
Abstract. Barley production in Russia and, in particular, in the Rostov region, is of great economic importance. There are positive and negative cultivation feature of the crop in this region. Spring barley has occupied its niche in production here, and in recent years the interest of breeders has been turned to its hulles forms. In order to develop a new promising breeding material, it is necessary to study comprehensively a various source material, including its responsiveness to diseases. The purpose of the current study was an immunological estimation of the world collection of hulles barley, provided by the N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), according to resistance to the main pathogens widely spread in the Rostov region. The applied methods have included observations under conditions of an artificial infectious background, which revealed the immunological response of the varieties to the studied diseases. The created provocative conditions reduced the time of manifestation of susceptibility, and made it possible to cull the studied material at the early stages of the breeding process. The estimation was carried out for resistance to both leaf diseases (powdery mildew and net blotch) and smuts (head and loose). The study was carried out in the period from 2016 to 2018. There were evaluated 95 samples of various ecological and geographical origin. The result of the conducted study was as follows: according to powdery mildew there have been recommended such varieties as 84469/70 (Czech Republic), 1057-1923 (Czech Republic), Orgeniepetite (France) and Yudinsky 1 (Russian Federation). According to barley net blotch resistance, there have been recommended such varieties as 84469/70 (Czech Republic), Mestny (Dagestan), CDC Dawn (Canada) and NB-owa (Nepal). According to head smut resistance, there have been recommended such varieties as CDC Dawn (Canada), CDC Buck (Canada), H 235/66 and 84469/70 (Czech Republic). According to loose smut resistance, there have been recommended such varieties as CDC Dawn (Canada), CDC Buck (Canada), H 235/66, 84469/70 (Czech Republic) and Dublet (Belarus).
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