Laparoscopic repyeloplasty is a safe and viable treatment option for secondary UPJO, with a success rate similar to that of primary repair but with longer operative time. Considerable experience in laparoscopic reconstructive procedures is a prerequisite for optimal results.

BMG and PSG have comparable success rates in treatment of long anterior urethral strictures. Operative time is significantly longer in BMG. Long-segment strictures are associated with longer operative time, more blood loss, and more occurrence of postvoid dribbling. However, the length of the stricture has no influence on the success rate and functional outcomes of DOU.

Retroperitoneoscopy for benign upper tract pathology combined with epidural anesthesia is a feasible and an attractive method for both surgeon and patient. No postoperative pain and early recovery are the most beneficial results of this technique. Further studies, applying this technique in patients with cardiopulmonary problems, should be conducted.

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