SUMMARYInformation on the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of cuticular alcohols on growth and virulence of insecticidal fungi is unavailable. Therefore, we set out to describe the content of cuticular and internal alcohols in the body of housefly larvae, pupae, males and females. The total cuticular alcohols in larvae, males and females of Musca domestica were detected in comparable amounts (4.59, 3.95 and 4.03gg -1 insect body, respectively), but occurred in smaller quantities in pupae (2.16gg -1). The major free alcohol in M. domestica larvae was C 12:0 (70.4%). Internal alcohols of M. domestica larvae were not found. Among cuticular pupae alcohols, C 12:0 (31.0%) was the most abundant. In the internal lipids of pupae, only five alcohols were identified in trace amounts. The most abundant alcohol in males was C 24:0 (57.5%). The percentage content of cuticular C 24:0 in males and females (57.5 and 36.5%, respectively) was significantly higher than that of cuticular lipids in larvae and pupae (0.9 and 5.6%, respectively). , respectively). For isolated alcohols, antimicrobial activity against 10 reference strains of bacteria and fungi was determined. Individual alcohols showed approximately equal activity against fungal strains. C 14:0 was effective against gram-positive bacteria, whereas gram-negative bacteria were resistant to all tested alcohols. Mixtures of alcohols found in cuticular lipids of larvae, pupae, males and females of M. domestica generally presented higher antimicrobial activity than individual alcohols. In contrast, crude extracts containing both cuticular and internal lipids showed no antifungal activity against the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus, which efficiently kills adult house flies. Only two alcohols were present in the internal lipids of males in trace amounts
The glycerol concentration and the composition of cuticular and internal sterols in three medically and forensically important fly species, viz., Musca domestica, Sarcophaga carnaria, and Calliphora vicina, were analyzed. The cuticular and internal lipid extracts were separated by HPLC-LLSD, after which the sterol fraction was characterized by GC/MS in total ion current (TIC) mode. The cuticular lipids of M. domestica larvae contained seven sterols, while in pupae and females, six sterols were identified. Five sterols were found in the cuticular lipids of M. domestica males. The internal lipids of M. domestica larvae and pupae contained six and seven sterols, respectively, while those of male and female flies contained only five sterols. Sitosterol, cholesterol, and campesterol were the dominant sterols in M. domestica, while campestanol, stigmasterol, sitostanol, and fucosterol were identified in low concentrations or in traces. In contrast, cuticular and internal lipids of S. carnaria and C. vicina contained only cholesterol. Glycerol was identified in all stages of M. domestica, S. carnaria, and C. vicina. For all the three examined fly species, the present study clearly showed species-specific developmental changes in the composition of cuticular and internal sterols as well as in the glycerol concentration.
Different ionic liquids were used as solvents for the effective extraction of the active metabolites of the fruit bodies of C. cibarius. The type of ionic liquid was found to play a significant role in this process. We found that the protic ionic liquid 1-[(nonyloxy)methyl]-1H-imidazol-3-ium salicylate (6) is a most-efficient extracting agent, being superior to classical solvents such as AcOEt or hexane. The obtained extracts generally revealed high insecticidal activities against both house fly and cockroach, with similar potencies as the standard pesticides bromfenvinphos or alphacypermethrin, as well as significant activities against bacteria, yeast, and moulds. Notably, the cidal activities against plant-pathogenic bacteria were stronger than against human bacterial strains.
Ground fruit bodies of Cantharellus cibarius (chanterelle) were extracted with dichloromethane and subjected to CC followed by preparative HPLC, which led to the isolation of glycerol 1,2-and 1,3-dilinoleates and glycerol tridehydrocrepenynate. Extraction of C. cibarius fruit bodies with ethanol or methanol afforded fatty acid ethyl or methyl esters as a result of esterification/transesterification reactions. Insecticidal activity of the isolated glycerides and esters was much lower than that of the crude extracts and chromatographic fractions suggesting a synergistic effect of some of the compounds present in the mixture.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.