Cadmium Cobalt Sulphide (Cd x Co 1−x S) thin film was deposited on microscopic glass substrate using chemical bath deposition technique at room temperature from aqueous solutions of Cadmium Chloride, Cobalt Chloride and Thiourea in which ammonium solution was used as complexing agents. The optical properties were characterized using the absorbance and transmission measurement from Unico UV-2102 PC spectrophotometer, at normal incidence of light in the wavelength range of 200-1000 nm. We report the deposition and optimization of the growth parameter with respect to time which showed that the band gap energy and the composition verified from the extended Vegard's law are highly dependent on deposition time. The average transmittance of the film in VIS-NIR region ranges between 30% and 78% with absorbance range of 0.15-0.47 within the same wavelength range. The film was also observed to exhibit poor reflectance (11 < R% < 20) which declined albeit exponential within the entire studied wavelength range. From absorbance and transmittance spectra, the band gap energy determined for the film deposited at various time: 19 h, 21 h and 24 h are 2.25 eV, 2.17 eV and 2.05 eV respectively, in that order. The composition of the ternary system for 19 h; 21 h, and 24 h were found to be (x = 0.75; 0.83 and 0.94), respectively. Other optical and dielectric properties of the films were also characterized. Based on the exhibited properties of the film, it can be concluded that it is a promising material for selective coatings for solar cells; effective coatings for poultry houses; use as antireflective coating materials, and for fabrication of optoelectronic devices.
The effect of 1-Phenyl-3-Methyl Pyrazol-5-one (HPMP) on the electrical properties of high carbon steel in Hydrochloric acid (HCI), Trioxonitrate (v) acid (HNO3) and Perchloric acid (HCIO4) was studied by weight loss method. The acidic medium caused a complete degradation of the electrical properties of the coated and uncoated high carbon steel. However, the attack was more on the uncoated coupons, which showed that HPHP is an effective corrosion inhibitor.
The corrosion behavior of mild steel in carbonated drinks produced by Nigerian Breweries (Fanta, Sprite and Coke) was studied in the presence and absence of an eco-friendly inhibitor, Chrysophyllum albidum using Potentiodynamic polarization technique at 25 °C. Results showed that Chrysophyllum albidum reduced the current density (icorr), which in turn means that the corrosion rate was reduced significantly. The inhibition efficiency was found to be 93%, 78.6% and 87.5% for Fanta, Sprite and Coke respectively. The study also showed that Chrysophyllum albidum functioned as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor in the three environments studied and therefore presents it as a long-term inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel.
Abstract1-Phenyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-one (HPMP) was evaluated as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric, nitric and perchloric acid solutions, using weight loss measurements at room temperature. HPMP was found to retard the corrosion rate of mild steel in hydrochloric and nitric acid solutions, while it aided the corrosion of same metal in perchloric acid solution. Corrosion rate decreased linearly with degree of surface coverage, and higher values of half-life were obtained for the coupons coated with HPMP inhibitor. The thicker the film of the HPMP coating on the metal, the more protection it gave to it, giving rise to the increase in inhibition efficiency.
The search for suitable materials as buffer layer in the development of photovoltaic cell necessitates the study. The objective is thus, to synthesize and characterize CdS nanofilm for photovoltaic cell application. Thin films of Cadmium Sulphide were deposited on degreased glass substrate, from a bath containing the precursors via Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique. The Physical, Structural, and optical properties were investigated by X-Ray diffractometer, Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), surface profilometer, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and spectrophotometer. The 9 hours CdS sample showed peak intensities at 30.95o and 51.77o with hkl values of (1 1 1) and (2 2 0). The 12 hours sample showed peak intensities at 30.95o and 51.55o with hkl values of (1 1 1) and (2 2 0). The planes of cubic phase correspond to the mineral Hawleyites for both samples. The average Crystallite grain size for the 9 hours sample is 27.72nm and 38.99nm for the 12 hours samples. The Scanning Electron microscopy analyses illustrate the morphology and the level of uniformity of the CdS coating across the surface of the 9 hours sample and 12 hours samples. The micrographs although slightly similar, the 12 hours sample appeared to be more uniformly coated when compared to the 9 hours sample. Electron-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) indicated the percentage composition of Cadmium and Sulphide present in the both 9 hours and 12 hours samples, with Cadmium having an average composition of 26.45% and sulphide 8.65% for the 9 hours sample, and 61.95% for Cadmium and 16.43% for Sulphide in the 12 hours CdS sample. The Spectrophotometer was used to investigate the behavior of both samples in the UV (≤ 400nm), Visible and part of the Infrared region. The bandgap energies of both 9 hours and 12 hours sample were 2.36eV and 2.257eV respectively. The average value for the optical conductivity for 9hours sample is 5.099 x 1013 and 7.75 x 1013 for 12 hours sample. The average values of the extinction coefficients, k for 9 hours sample is 1.07 x 109 and 2.02 x 109 for 12 hours sample. The average thickness value of CdS Sample deposited for 9 hours is 14.10 x10-9m while that of the CdS sample deposited for 12 hours is 14.5 x 10-9m. The results affirm the choice of CdS film as buffer layer of the photovoltaic cells.
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