The cold-resistant soybean cultivar of the northern ecotype Sayana was selected from the hybrid combination F4 L-2577 × Aldana according to the traits of cold and frost resistance and a reduced reaction for a length of a day. Additionally, the degree of cold resistance of this cultivar was evaluated by the cryosedimentation method. The cultivar Sayana belongs to a very early group of ripeness, which matures in 98 days at the latitude of Krasnodar (45°). In the competitive variety test in 2018–2020 its yield amounted to 1.19–2.10 t per ha. During the agroecological testing of the cultivar Sayana in Irkutsk region at a latitude of 53°, the duration of its vegetative period was 126–133 days with the average yield of 2.95 t per ha, which exceeded the standard cultivar Sibiryachka by 0.43 t per ha. The plant height of the cultivar Sayana at the latitude of Krasnodar was 77–88 cm, in the Irkutsk region at latitudes of 53°, it increased to 105–147 cm. The new soybean cultivar of the northern ecotype Sayana is highly resistant to low temperatures of air and soil during the seedling phase, and has increased productivity in long-day conditions of deficient heat supply and cold stress. This allows it to be cultivated as a main crop in the Central Chernozem, Northern Caucasian, Middle Volga, Lower Volga, Ural, West Siberian and East Siberian regions of the Russian Federation.
The high-protein soybean cultivar Greya was developed by individual selection from the hybrid population F4 Vilana × Valenta based on a lipid-degrading model of protein accumulation in seeds. According to the results of preliminary and competitive variety testing, the productivity of the high-protein soybean cultivar Greya varied from 1.75 to 2.93 t/ha. The average yield of the new cultivar over four years of variety testing was 2.23 t/ha, which, on average, was 0.71 t/ha higher than the high-protein standard cultivar of the lipid-degrading biotype, and did not significantly differ (-0.09 t/ha) from the high-yielding medium-protein standard cultivar. The height of plants varies from 82 to 98 cm. Under the optimal plant density, the lower pods are located at the height of 15–17 cm from the soil surface. The pubescence is gray. The color of the beans is light brown. The color of the corolla is violet. The seed coat is yellow. The plants of the new cultivar are resistant to lodging and bean shattering. Under optimal cultivation conditions and the presence of mineral or bacterial nitrogen in the soil, up to 46.3 % of protein is accumulated in the seeds of the cultivar Greya. The oil content in the seeds of the cultivar Greya is lower than that of the medium-protein standard, by an average of 2.1 %, which is typical for high-protein cultivars of the lipiddegrading biotype. The growth season of the new cultivar at the latitude of Krasnodar (45°), depending on the meteorological conditions of the year, varied from 108 to 117 days, and on average, for the period of 2017–2020 it was 112 days. Therefore, it can be cultivated as the main crop in soybean-producing farms in the North Caucasus, Lower Volga and Far Eastern regions of the Russian Federation.
The middle-early soybean variety Yelisey was obtained because of individual selection in F4 from the hybrid combination L-17 × Fora on differentiating backgrounds based on increased cold and drought resistance. According to the results of variety testing in 2018–2021 variety Yelisey, with an average yield of 2.46 t/ha, exceeded the standard variety Slaviya by 0.35 t/ha. Plant height at the latitude of Krasnodar (45°) is 97–128 cm. The average duration of the vegetation period at a latitude of 45° is 119 days. The new soybean variety Yelisey is distinguished by its tallness and deep root system, which provides the plants with increased drought resistance. Increased cold and frost resistance down to minus 5 °C charac-terize plants of the variety Yelisey. These characteristics determine its potential attractiveness for cultivation in soy-producing farms of the North Caucasus, Lower Volga and Far East regions of the Russian Federation.
Ключевые слова: соя, повышенная урожайность, скороспелость, засухоустойчивость, молекулярный паспорт. Очень ранний сорт сои Пума выведен методом индивидуального отбора из гибридной популяции F 4 Альба × Припять. По результатам сортоиспытания 2014-2016 гг. сорт Пума по урожайности превысил стандартный очень ранний сорт Лира на 0,11 т/га. Растения нового сорта отличаются повышенной засухоустойчивостью, устойчивы к полеганию и растрескиванию бобов. Высота растений на широте Краснодара (45°) 75-95 см. Сорт отличается повышенной засухоустойчивостью. Это позволяет его возделывать на зерно в основных посевах практически во всех соепроизводящих хозяйствах Южного, Центральночернозёмного и Приволжского федеральных округов на географических широтах от 43 до 52°.
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