The paper first describes the mechanism of the inadequate motion of a transformer's tap changer. We then outline the original fuzzy expert AVQC automatic Voltage and Reactive control) method in use at Tohoku Electric Power Company. We propose improved fuzzy expert and neural network methods to prevent unnecessary tap changer actions. In order to validate the improved method, simulations of tap changer behavior under various operating conditions were conducted. The results of the simulations and analyses are also presented. In the last section, we briefly recommend prudence in utilizing on-load tap changers under critical operating conditions in terms of transient stability of a power system. Index Term ---Voltage and reactive power control, Power system control, Fuzzy expert, Neural network control and BP algorithm, Power systems analysis I. LNTRODUCTION Voltage and reactive power control facilities, such as static condensers, shunt reactors, and SVR (Static Voltage Regulator) for EHV and UHV power systems, are not only expensive, but also limited in terms of available control capability. The control of voltage and reactive control of EHV and UHV bulk power transmission networks depend on the control capacity of large-scale generator units and on-load tap changers of transformers at EHV or UHV substations. In Tohoku Electric Power Company, all step-up transformers of large generating units at thermal and nuclear power stations have been equipped with on-load tap changers since 1968. The tap changers are locally operated by the conventional AVQC system. T. Minakawa and E. Monma are with the
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