ABSTRACT:Cotton and cotton/polyester fabrics were treated against microbial attack by applying a formulation based essentially on ZnO under high-energy radiation and thermal curing. To achieve the homogeneity and the reactivity of the treating formulation, a binder (Impron MTP) and a dispersing agent (Setamol WS) were used with ZnO. The antimicrobial property of the fabrics was evaluated, in terms of mechanical properties, by a soil burial test. Moreover, the effect of antimicrobial finishing on the dyeing properties in terms of color strength was investigated. It was found that the best composition that affords the best antimicrobial protection to cotton fabrics contains 2% ZnO, 2% binder, and 1% dispersing agents. For the cotton/polyester blend, the best results were achieved at the same conditions except the ZnO was 1%. It was found that the treatment under the effect of electron-beam irradiation is better than that of gamma irradiation and thermal curing. The results showed that when the finishing process was carried out before dyeing with a reactive dye, it affects the color strength rather than performing the finishing after the dyeing process.

The effects of hydrogen peroxide concentration, ferrous ion concentration, polymerization temperature and other factors on the graft polymerization of methacrylic acid and other vinyl monomers onto cotton using the redox system ferrous cellulose thiocarbonatehydrogen peroxide were investigated. Die Pfropfcopolymerisation von Baumwollgewebe mit Vinylmonomeren unter Verwendung des Redoxsystems Eisencellulosethiocarbonat-WasserstoffperoxidDer EinfluB der Wasserstoffperoxidkonzentration, der Few-Konzentration, der Polymerisa tionstemperatur und weiterer Faktoren auf die Pfropfung von Methacrylsaure auf Baumwolle mit dem Redoxsystem Eisencellulosethiocarbonat-Wasserstoffperoxid wurde untersucht. In die Untersuchung wurden einige weitere Vinylmonomere mit einbezogen.

Radiation graft copolymerization of individual and comonomer mixtures of vinyl monomers onto polyester and cotton/polyester fabrics by the mutual method has been investigated. The effect of factors that may affect the grafting yield, such as solvent composition, comonomer mixture composition and radiation dose, have been examined. Suitable conditions that gives the highest graft yield without altering the original properties of the substrates are reported briefly. An attempt was made to determine the graft yield fraction from each monomer in the final graft copolymer in the case of grafting comonomer mixtures by using elemental analysis of nitrogen. Moreover, the results of elemental analysis were used to determine the reactivity ratios of the vinyl monomers. Some selective properties of the graft copolymers of polyester and cotton/polyester with the individual and comonomer mixtures have been investigated. The studied properties are the dye affinity for various dyestuffs and the mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength, elongation at break and Young's modulus. In general and regardless of the system used, grafting improves the dyeability of polyester and cotton/polyester with basic, vat, acid and disperse dyes. Also, it was found that improvement in dyeing and mechanical properties depends essentially on the composition of the graft copolymer and not on the composition of the feed comonomer solution or the total graft yield. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry

This study aims to design and synthesize a number of novel pyran, thiophene, and pyridine derivatives incorporating thiazole ring and evaluate their antitumor inhibition (μM) as significant anticancer agents. The reactivity of compound 1 [2‐(4‐oxo‐4,5‐dihydrothiazol‐2‐yl)acetonitrile] towards different chemical reagents was described. Furthermore, the reactivity of all the newly synthesized products was evaluated. The most active compounds towards all the three tumor cancer cell lines used such as MCF‐7 (breast adenocarcinoma), NCI‐H460 (non‐small cell lung cancer) and SF‐268 (CNS cancer), and normal fibroblasts human cell line (WI‐38) were compounds 6d, 8, and 10b, which compared with the antiproliferative effects of the reference control doxorubicin. Also, some of the novel compounds indicate higher inhibition than doxorubicin against some of the cancer cell lines used such as 6c (especially towards MCF‐7) and 2b, 6b (especially towards SF‐268).

This work aims to study the effect of pretreatment of wool fabrics with two imidazolium-based ionic liquids to impart durable antimicrobial properties. The used ionic liquids, cationic in nature, were ionically bonded to the anionic sites along the keratin macromolecules. These anionic sites have been enriched via treatment with the presynthesized anionic agent (AA) (sodium 4-(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazinylamino)-benzenesulfonate). The effect of the treatment temperature of wool fabric with the AA, liquor ratio as well as the pH on the exhaustion percentage was studied. Antibacterial activity of the treated wool fabric towards Gram -ve bacteria (Escherichia coli), and fastness to washing were examined. The chemical structure of the synthesized AA was elucidated using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.

The 2-amino-3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene was the key starting compound used to synthesize new thiazole, pyrimidine, pyran, pyridine and thiazine derivatives. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds was studied towards the three cancer cell lines namely MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung cancer) and SF-268 (central nervous system (CNS) cancer) in addition to the normal cell line (WI-38) using doxorubicin as the reference drug. The study showed that compounds 5, 9a, 15b, 17c, 18 and 21b were the most potent compounds. anti-leishmanial agents, 11) antioxidant activity, 12) anti-arrhythmic, serotonin antagonist and anti-anxiety activities. Key words 13)Recently we were involved through the synthesis of polyfunctional heterocyclic compounds, where the 2-cyanomethylbenzo[c] imidazole was used as the key starting compound.14) In addition, we were involved through the reaction of ethyl acetoacetate with elemental sulphur and either malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate gave thiophene derivatives. 15) In the present work we were concerned through exploring the reactivity of the amino group present in the 2-amino-3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b] thiophene 16) towards different chemical reagents to afford a vast number of heterocyclic compounds involving tetrahydrobenzo[b]-thiophene moiety and evaluating their cytotoxicity. Results and DiscussionChemistry The reaction of the 2-amino-3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b] thiophene with triethyl orthoformate in acetic acid gave the ethyl N- (3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl) formimidate 1. The analytical and spectral data of compound 1 were the tools of its structural elucidation. Compound 1 reacted with aniline to give the N-phenyl formamidine derivative 2. The elemental and spectral data of compound 2 were consistent with its proposed structure. Thus, 1 H-NMR spectrum of compound 2 showed, beside the expected signals, a singlet at 6.95 ppm δ for CH moiety, a muliplet at δ 7.27-7.90 ppm for phenyl ring and a singlet at δ 8.36 ppm for NH group. On the other hand, the reaction of compound 1 with malononitrile gave the imino-methyl malononitrile derivative 3. The analytical and spectral data of compound 3 were in agreement with its structure (see Experimental section). The reaction of compound 2-amino-3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b] thiophene with phenylisothiocyanate and chloroacetone gave the thiazole derivative 5. Formation of the latter product took place through the intermediate formation of 4 followed by water elimination (Chart 1).Next we studied the possibility of compound 2-amino-3-cyano-4, 5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b] thiophene to form thiourea derivative. Thus, compound 2-amino-3-cyano-4, 5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b] thiophene reacted with phenyl

Attempts were made to enhance the dyeability of polyester fabric by thermal treatment or combined chemical/thermal treatment in hot air or in steam, either slack or under load. Ethanolamine, hydrazine hydrate, ethylene glycol and a benzophenone derivative were applied to the fabric by padding technique prior to the thermal treatment. The dyeability of polyester fabric was found to be improved at nearly boiling without using carriers and/or high‐temperature/high‐pressure techniques. The rate of dyeing of chemically/thermally treated polyester fabric was found to increase. Differential thermal analysis of the polyester samples was interpreted in terms of dyeability improvement. The glass transition temperature of the treated fabric was found to decrease compared with the untreated one, resulting in an enhancement in the dyeability of polyester fabric with disperse dye.

Hypochlorite oxidation of poly(methacry1ic acid)-cotton graft copolymers was examined and compared with that of ungrafted and initiator-treated cottons. The extent and rate of oxidation, carboxyl content, copper number, and tensile strength were measured in dependence of time. The results are discussed with respect t o the structure of the original and the grafted cotton. Der EinfluP oon Abbaubehandlungen auf Baumwoll-Pfropfcopolymere. Teil I I I . Oxidation von Poly(methacry1sciure)-Baumwoll-Pfropfcopolymeren durch NatriumhypochloritDie Oxidation von Poly(methacry1saure)-Baumwoll-Pfropfcopolymeren mittels Hypochlorit wurde untersucht und mit der Oxidation von ungepfropfter sowie nur mit dem Initiator behandelter Baumwolle verglichen. AusmaB und Geschwindigkeit der Oxidation, Carboxylgehalt, Cupferzahl und ReiBfestigkeit wurden in Abhangigkeit von der Zeit gemessen. Die Ergebnisse werden anhand der Struktur der Ausgangs-und der gepfropften Baumwolle diskutiert. BnuJinue aecmpykyuonnod 06paboml~u npueumacx cononufiepoe xfionica. Yacmb I I I . Okucnenue zunoxfiopumo-~ nampua npueumbm cononwepoe xfionxa c nofiuwrnaicpufioeoCi nucnomoCi~CcJreAOBaHO OKHCJIeHHe rHIIOXJIOpHTOM IIpHBHTbIX COnOJIHMepOB XJIOIIKa C nOJIHMeTaKpH3OBOfi KHCJIoTOfi, a TaKme OKUCJIeHEle HenpHBHTOrO XJIOIlKa H XJIOnKa 0 6 p a 6 0~a~~o r o TOJIbKO HHHqHaTOPOM. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT Bpe-MeHIl H3MepHJIHCb r n y 6~a a H CKOpOCTb OKHCJIeHMH, COAepmaHHe Kap6OKCHJIbHbIX rpynll, MeAHOe YHCJIO M npO4-HOCTb pa3pbIBa. Pe3yJIbTaTbI 06cym~am~cfx H a OCHOBe CTpYKTpbl HCXOAHOrO H UPHBElTOrO XJIOnKa.