Metastasis to the penis is rare, despite rich vascularization and complex circulation. Less than 200 cases have been reported. Three new cases of penis metastasis from primary tumours in the bladder and prostate, respectively, are described. The most common symptoms are penile induration and swelling. Treatments, all of which must be considered merely palliative, consist of local tumour excision, radiation therapy, cytostatic and hormone therapy, possibly with partial or total penis amputation. The prognosis is poor, irrespective of the therapy and site of the primary tumour. More than 80% of the patients die within six months after the occurrence of penis metastasis, as a result of disseminated cancer disease.
The aim of this investigation was to follow the metabolism of free TRAM flaps using microdialysis. Microdialysis is a new sampling technique that provide opportunities to follow the biochemistry in specific organs or tissues. A double-lumen microdialysis catheter or probe, with a dialysis membrane at the end, is introduced into the specific tissue. Perfusion fluid is slowly pumped through the catheter and equilibrates across the membrane with surrounding extracellular concentrations of low molecular weight substances. The dialysate is collected in microvials and analyzed by an instrument using very small volumes. Glucose, glycerol, and lactate concentrations were measured in the flaps and compared with those in a reference catheter that was placed subcutaneously in the femur. The investigation continued 72 hr postoperatively. The study group consisted of 14 women who underwent reconstruction with a free TRAM flap, and one woman with a double TRAM flap. During flap ischemia, the concentration of glucose was reduced, while the lactate and glycerol levels increased. The differences between the flaps and controls were statistically highly significant. After reperfusion of the flaps, the concentrations of glucose, lactate, and glycerol approached normal. One flap failed because of an arterial anastomosis thrombosis. This was clearly demonstrated by the samples from the microdialysis: the concentration of glucose fell to an unmeasurable level; the concentration of lactate increased for a period before it stopped due to lack of glucose; and the concentration of glycerol increased to a very high level, probably because ischemia caused damage to the cell membranes of which glycerol is an important part. The authors concluded that microdialysis can detect ischemia in free flaps at an early stage, making early surgical intervention possible.
A case of the rare calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor is reported. The tumor was situated high in the left maxillary antrum, bulging into the nasal cavity. The presenting signs were homolateral nasal stenosis and bulging of the lateral nasal wall. The clinical appearances and histological findings are submitted and compared with those in cases described previously. Treatment and prognosis are discussed. From the present case it is apparent that despite its odontogenic nature the tumor may occur so far from the teeth that clinically it may be mistaken for a tumor of the nasal cavity.
Severe Salmonella typhimurium infection is described in a patient who was treated previously for ulcerative colitis by total colectomy and mucosal proctectomy with a pouch and ileoanal anastomosis.
Eleven patients who underwent surgical excision of nasal dermoid cysts or fistulas are reported. The patients are discussed according to the aetiology, sex distribution, location on the nose, and possible inheritance. Our surgical results are satisfactory with only one case which required reoperation. We found that late diagnosed cysts had a higher frequency of deep involvement and therefore required more extensive surgery.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.