The rapid identification of the bacteria in clinical samples is important for patient management and antimicrobial therapy. We describe a DNA microarray-based PCR approach for the quick detection and identification of bacteria from cervical swab specimens from mares. This on-chip PCR method combines the amplification of a variable region of bacterial 23S ribosomal DNA and the simultaneous sequence-specific detection on a solid phase. The solid phase contains bacterial species-specific primers covalently bound to a glass support. During the solid-phase amplification reaction the polymerase elongates perfectly matched primers and incorporates biotin-labeled nucleotides. The reaction products are visualized by streptavidin-cyanine 5 staining, followed by fluorescence scanning. This procedure successfully identified from pure cultures 22 bacteria that are common causes of abortion and sterility in mares. Using the on-chip PCR method, we also tested 21 cervical swab specimens from mares for the presence of pathogenic bacteria and compared the results with those of conventional bacteriological culture methods. Our method correctly identified the bacteria in 12 cervical swab samples, 8 of which contained more than one bacterial species. Due to the higher sensitivity of the on-chip PCR, this method identified bacteria in five cervical swab samples which were not detected by the conventional identification procedure. Our results show that this method will have great potential to be incorporated into the routine microbiology laboratory.
Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) and primary leukaemia are uncommon diseases in horses. This case report describes a horse with both diseases which might be linked via the equine g-herpesvirus EHV-5. In man Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), also a g-herpesvirus, is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as is EHV-5 with EMPF. Furthermore, EBV is also associated with lymphoproliferative disease. Similarly in horses, primary leukaemia might be associated with EHV-5. This is the first report associating EHV-5 with primary leukaemia in horses.
Feline blood group determination is done as a routine diagnostic method in numerous countries. Blood transfusion reactions and feline neonatal isoerythrolysis (FNI) can be avoided with the identification of different feline blood groups. The present study is the first investigation in Hungary during which 100 cats have been examined from all over the country. These cats were out of six breeds: European domestic shorthair, Persian mix, Persian, Abyssinian, Siamese and British shorthair. In the Hungarian feline population European domestic shorthair are most common but other breeds also occur. European domestic shorthair, Persian mix, Abyssianian, Siamese and British shorthair individuals all belonged to blood type A (100%). Blood type B was found very rarely and only in Persian cats. One-third of the Persian cats were categorised into blood type B, whilst type AB was not found during the study.
Abstract. Error recording and management is an integral part of a clinical laboratory quality management system. Analysis and review of recorded errors lead to corrective and preventive actions through modification of existing processes and, ultimately, to quality improvement. Laboratory errors can be divided into preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical errors depending on where in the laboratory cycle the errors occur. The purpose of the current report is to introduce an error management system in use in a veterinary diagnostic laboratory as well as to examine the amount and types of error recorded during the 8-year period from 2003 to 2010. Annual error reports generated during this period by the error recording system were reviewed, and annual error rates were calculated. In addition, errors were divided into preanalytical, analytical, postanalytical, and "other" categories, and their frequency was examined. Data were further compared to that available from human diagnostic laboratories. Finally, sigma metrics were calculated for the various error categories. Annual error rates per total number of samples ranged from 1.3% in 2003 to 0.7% in 2010. Preanalytical errors ranged from 52% to 77%, analytical from 4% to 14%, postanalytical from 9% to 21%, and other error from 6% to 19% of total errors. Sigma metrics ranged from 4.1 to 4.7. All data were comparable to that reported in human clinical laboratories. The incremental annual reduction of error shows that use of an error management system led to quality improvement.Key words: Error management; laboratory error; quality management; veterinary laboratory. Special ArticleError management in a veterinary laboratory 459 laboratories. A small number of reports have been published about error management in human laboratory medicine.Most of the studies concerning human laboratory error management advocate the use of an error management system that evaluates errors within the framework of the Total Testing Process (TTP). 1,7,15,16 The TTP breaks laboratory testing down into 11 steps, starting with a clinical question that prompts a test selection and ending with the impact of the test result on patient care.2 These steps are grouped into preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical phases, with some authors also describing pre-preanalytical and postpostanalytical phases. 15 Alternatively, errors may also be classified according to who bears responsibility for the event, preventability, or the impact on patient care.10 Such studies concerning error management in human medical laboratories are heterogeneous, and reported error rates differ according to study design, TTP steps analyzed, and whether results are reported per patient, per sample, or per test result. Results vary from errors occurring in 0.05% of patients in a clinical chemistry section to 0.61% of test results across a whole laboratory over 3 years.3 Other studies report error frequencies as 1:1,000 (0.1%), 1 error per 33-50 events (2-3%), or 1 error per 214-8,300 (0.01-0.5%) of laboratory results. ...
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