Ilicicolins D, E, F, dechloroilicicolin D, ascofuranone and arthrichitin were isolated from the fermentation broth of Nectria sp (HIL Y 90 3333). The ilicicolins showed good fungicidal activity in planta.
Methylsulfomycin I (1) is a new cyclic peptide antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of a Streptomyces sp. HIL Y-9420704. Its structure was elucidated by NMR and GC-MS. The in vitro activity (MIC) against a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-, and teicoplanin-resistant strains, is described.
The aquatic ecosystems are the final destination for almost all anthropogenic discharges as well as industrial effluents (Eroglu et al., 2015). Metals are neither biodegradable nor eliminated in the ecosystem. Hence their presence at the super optimal level can threaten aquatic biota. In polluted water, the concentration of these metals can be many folds of their natural level at sites where excess amounts of anthropogenic input exist (Heath, 2018;Mance & Mance, 1987).Since fish occupy the top of the aquatic food chain, heavy metals can accumulate in fish tissues leading to toxicity. Heavy metal toxicity can result in damaged vital organs like gills, liver, kidney and brain.However, this bioaccumulation depends on the metal type, exposure duration, fish species and water chemistry. Hence fish can be considered as bioindicators of heavy metal contamination (Rodrigues & Fanta, 1998).Lead is one of the significant toxins among heavy metals, and its inorganic forms are readily absorbed by aquatic organisms through the intake of food, water, or passive absorption through skin or gills. An important and serious problem associated with lead is its
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