JZL195 reduces AN primarily by acting as a FAAH inhibitor, but MAGL inhibition is also indicated.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a debilitating but extremely common form of brain injury that affects a substantial number of people each year. mTBI is especially common in children and adolescents. Our understanding of mTBI pathophysiology is limited, and there is currently no accepted marker for disease severity. A potential marker for disease severity may be cerebrovascular dysfunction. Recent findings have implicated cerebrovascular alteration as an important component of mTBI and suggest it contributes to the development of persistent, long-term symptoms. In this paper, we conducted two studies to investigate whether mTBI affects venous drainage patterns in the central nervous system using alterations in the size of venous sinuses as a marker of changes in drainage. Using a closed head vertical weight-drop model and a lateral impact injury model of mTBI, we imaged and quantified the size of three major draining vessels in the adolescent rat brain using 9.4T MRI. Areas and volumes were quantified in the superior sagittal sinus and left and right transverse sinuses using images acquired from T2w MRI in one study and post-gadolinium T1w MRI in another. Our results indicated that the three venous sinuses were significantly larger in mTBI rats as compared to sham rats 1-day post injury but recovered to normal size 2 weeks after. Acutely enlarged sinuses post-mTBI may indicate abnormal venous drainage, and this could be suggestive of a cerebrovascular response to trauma.

The unusual case of a 65-year-old woman with intermittent hypotension, fever, pulmonary edema and coma as initial presentation of pheochromocytoma is reported. The patient developed respiratory, cardiac and renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation and liver dysfunction. She had to be defibrillated on multiple occasions, occurring in periods of severe hypertension. After successful surgical removal of a pheochromocytoma a thyroid medullary carcinoma was detected. Several members of the patients family had presented with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN II).

Between July of 2012 and December of 2014, 39 patients were enrolled prospectively to investigate the prevalence of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) deficiency in a ketogenic diet clinic. None of them had GLUT1 deficiency. All patients seen in the same clinic within the same period were reviewed retrospectively. A total of 18 of these 85 patients had a genetic diagnosis, including GLUT1 deficiency, pathogenic copy number variants, congenital disorder of glycosylation, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type II, mitochondrial disorders, tuberous sclerosis, lissencephaly, and SCN1A-, SCN8A-, and STXBP1-associated epileptic encephalopathies. The prevalence of genetic diagnoses was 21% and prevalence of GLUT1 deficiency was 2.4% in our retrospective cohort study.

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A 27-year-old man, in good health but a moderate smoker, suddenly had two episodes of haemoptysis. Routine clinical examination was unremarkable. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was increased to 34 mm/h. The chest radiography showed ill-defined, contrast-poor infiltrations bilaterally, as well as left hilar enlargement. Lung scintigraphy and pulmonary arteriogram suggested pulmonary embolism, possible from a "pelvic vein spur", i.e. an intimal proliferation due to crossing of the common iliac artery over the pelvic vein. He was placed on oral anticoagulants. Three months later he had another severe haemoptysis, providing the indication for an exploratory thoracotomy. This revealed the left pulmonary artery wall to have inflammatory changes with aneurysmal dilatation. The aneurysm was plicated. Histological examination demonstrated chronic vasculitis as seen in Behçet's syndrome, a diagnosis confirmed by the findings of ulcers of the oral mucosa and the presence of HLA B5 allo-antigens. Immunosuppressive treatment was given with prednisone (1 mg/kg), azathioprine (2.5 mg/kg) and ciclosporin (5 mg/kg). Over the next 12 months there has been only one further haemoptysis.