Avibacterium paragallinarum causes a severe respiratory disease characterized by catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity, infraorbital sinuses, and conjunctivitis. The study aims to determine the reactogenicity and protective properties of inactivated vaccines against Av. paragallinarum is made using mineral‐salt adjuvant aluminum hydroxide (AH) and high molecular weight acrylic acid‐carbomer polymer. Vaccine samples were made of inactivated Av. paragallinarum cultures of strains B‐7770 (serotype “A”), “1130917 / AmsB” (serotype “B”), and 150215 / TulaC2 (serotype “C”). A milliliter of each vaccine contained 1.0 billion microbial cells of each Av. paragallinarum serotype. The first sample contained AH adjuvant, and 2nd sample had a carbomer in it. Vaccines were tested on 60 days old layer hens. Ten birds were immunized with each vaccine sample to determine reactogenicity. The vaccine was injected intramuscularly between the radius and ulna in a volume of 2.0 cm3. Ten days after immunization, the birds were euthanized and autopsied to measure the local tissue response at the region of vaccine administration. Three groups of chickens (n=10) were formed to measure the immunogenic activity. Birds of the first and second groups were intramuscularly inoculated with one vaccine sample in a volume of 1.0 cm3. The chickens of the 3rd group were not vaccinated. After 28 days of research, all chickens were infected with a mixture of Av. paragallinarum “A,” “B,” and “C” serotypes. The culture mixture was applied intraocularly at 10 50% infectious doses for each serotype. All birds vaccinated with the AH and carbomer vaccines had swelling of soft tissues and petechial hemorrhagic lesions of the muscles near the inoculation area. Fibrin plates (0.2x1.5 cm) were found in the muscles of the inoculation area in 5 AH cases. No clinical manifestation of the disease was found in both vaccinated groups, which indicates good protective properties of the tested vaccine samples. All 10 chickens of the 3rd group showed symptoms of a respiratory disease after infection with Av. paragallinarum, which reveals a high susceptibility of unvaccinated hens to the bacteria. Inactivated vaccine against Av. paragallinarum with carbomer as an adjuvant is less reactogenic than a similar vaccine made using AH. At the same time, both vaccine samples have good protective properties.
Today, fur farming continues to incur huge losses because of the Aleutian mink disease. Frequently, the pathogen enters the territory of farms together with newly imported mink livestock, which is why the applied immunoelectroosmophoresis reaction has low efficiency if the antibodies have not yet reached a certain level. So for this reason, the problem of accurate and early diagnosis of viral plasmocytosis in newly imported quarantine livestock becomes urgent. The study was carried out using PCR diagnostics of fecal samples from a newly imported population of minks of 30-day age in the fur farm of the North-Western region. Before taking fecal samples, all animals were examined by clinical methods. PCR diagnostics was performed using a set of reagents «Test system "ABN"» according to the manufacturer's instructions. According to the results of the experiment, it was found that out of 40 selected animals without clinical signs of the disease, 29 managed to detect the DNA of the causative agent of viral plasmocytosis. Thus, the use of PCR diagnostics as a method of identifying the Aleutian mink disease virus for newly imported livestock will prevent the development and spread of the disease already at its early stages.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.