Acute toxicity of chitosan samples was determined by the value of 50% lethal dose (LD50) in experiments on white nonlinear mice aged 2-2.5 months weighing 18-22 g, from which groups of 10 animals were formed. Chitosan preparations were administered once intraperitoneal in a volume of 0.5 cm3 (solution in acetic acid). For control animals, an aqueous solution of acetic acid with a pH of 5.8 was used. The animals were observed after injections of the tested drugs for two weeks. We took into account the appearance and behavior, the state of the coat and visible mucous membranes, the attitude to feed, mobility, volume and frequency of breathing, the timing of the death of animals or their recovery. The radioprotective properties of chitosan against ionizing radiation were investigated. The preventive and therapeutic effect of low-molecular chitosan in intraperitoneal administration at doses of 200 mg / kg live weight in experiments on male mice weighing 20-25 g, subjected to gamma irradiation at doses up to 800 BER (BER - man roentgen equivalent) on the installation "Gamma-panorama" (radiation source Cs137, duration 58.5 min.). It was shown that mice of the experimental group I, which were administered chitosan three days before irradiation, remained alive during the entire observation period (30 days.). Animals II, III and IV of the experimental group was injected with 3, 9 and 22 days after irradiation, the survival rate to the end of the experiment they accounted for 86, 43 and 29%, respectively, with 100% mortality in the control (irradiated animals without the use of chitosan) and intact animals in the control II (non-irradiated animals).
The objective of this study was the analysis of adaptogenic effects of chitosan at gamma-irradiation. The study of radioprotective properties of chitosan was carried out on male mice having the weight of 20-25 g, exposed to gamma-irradiation at the doses of up to 800 bar at the Gamma Panorama unit (radiation source – Cs137, gamma dose rate – 14 R/min, duration of irradiation – 58.5 min). 4 experimental and 2 control groups with 7 animals in each have been formed. The medicine dose schedule, allowing to identify both the prophylactic effect and the therapeutic effect of chitosan, was used in the experiment. It was found out in experiments on white mice, with the purpose of determining 50% lethal dose (LD50) that chitosan belongs to the substances of hazard class 4 because its LD50 considerably exceeds 5000 mg/kg; at this, the toxicity of chitosan decreases parallel to its molecular weight decrease. The prophylactic and therapeutic effect of low-molecular chitosan (molecular weight 5-10 kDa) as abdominal injection at the doses of 200 mg/kg of body weight. It has been demonstrated that the mice from the experimental group I that received chitosan 3 days before the irradiation remained alive throughout the entire observation period (30 days). In the animals of II, III, IV experimental groups that received chitosan in 3, 9 and 22 days after the irradiation, the survival rate by the experiment end was 86, 43 and 29%, respectively, with the 100% death of animals in the control group I (irradiated animals without the use of chitosan) and full safety of animals in the control group II (non-irradiated animals).
Хитозан и его производные обладают множеством свойств, которые позволяют применять его в пчеловодстве. Он повышает устойчивость организма пчел к неблагоприятным факторам внешней среды и к возбудителям различных заболеваний. В результате проведенных исследований разработаны технологические параметры получения низкомолекулярного хитозана методом ферментативного гидролиза. Chitosan and its derivatives have many properties that allow them to be used in beekeeping. It increases the resistance of the bee organism to adverse environmental factors and to pathogens of various diseases. As a result of the conducted research, the technological parameters for the production of low-molecular-weight chitosan by enzymatic hydrolysis were developed.
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