Isolated nuclei from cereal plants were used for quantitative determination of DNA per nucleus by flow cytometry. The technique is based on enhanced fluorescence of ethidium bromide and olivomycin when they bind to DNA. Nuclei were isolated from protoplasts derived from leaves of seedlings. The diploid Hordeum vulgare cv. Trumpf was used as an internal standard. Analysis of nuclei from several cultivars of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum), Triticum durum var. hordeiforme, T. durum var. alexandrinum, Triticum araraticum, Triticum timopheevi, Triticum monococcum, Aegilops speltoides, Secale cereale, and one hexaploid and one octoploid triticale revealed significant intra- and inter-specific differences in DNA values per 2C nucleus. The advantages of the procedure are discussed along with its utilization for quantitative DNA measurement in Gramineae.Key words: nuclear isolation, flow cytometry, DNA content, cereals.
The N-and C-banding patterns of the chromosomes of the hexaploid wheat cultivar 'Viking', and the hairy-necked line derived from it, were described. Except for chromosome 4B (formerly 4A), no significant variation in banding patterns were found between the two genotypes. In addition to a 5BS.7BS (5BL.7BL) translocation in both genotypes, the presence of a small 5RL rye segment in a terminal position on the long arm of chromosome 4B was suggested by banding and confirmed by meiotic analysis, and by the hairy neck marker as well as by rye-specific leaf esterase bands in the translocation line. The translocation breakpoint is presumed to be located in the distal 4BL2.2 and/or 5RL2.3 band. The hairy-necked 'Viking' was shown to be copper efficient. Its utilization in wheat breeding programmes is proposed.
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