IAUC can be a useful prognostic imaging biomarker in patients with glioblastoma with known status, improving prediction of glioblastoma prognosis with the unmethylated promoter status.

Balance Gait Kinesio tape Non-elastic tape StrokeBackground: Stroke is one of the causes affecting gait and balance. Taping is considered an effective method for improving balance and gait in stroke patients. Numerous studies have confirmed the functional effects of taping in stroke patients. However, there is still no consensus regarding the use of taping to improve gait and balance. Objects:The purpose of this review was to investigate the effects of taping on the balance and gait of patients with stroke through meta-analysis of studies.

A 66-year-old man with hypertension and diabetes developed paresthesias on his left arm. Examination showed that his sensory loss involved the shoulder, arm, and forearm, but spared the hand (figure 1). MRI showed an acute cortical infarction (figure 2). Although motor areas for the shoulder-arm-forearm are located medially and superiorly to the hand area, the precise sensory areas for them are unknown.1,2 This case demonstrates that isolated sensory loss may be due to cortical infarctions and sensory areas for the shoulder-arm-forearm may have similar topographic arrangement in the postcentral gyrus to that of the motor areas in the precentral gyrus. The lesion is located medially, superiorly, and posteriorly to the precentral hand knob area (arrow).

Background: Oral anticancer agents (OAAs) can be effective in cancer control, but patients should conduct adequate self-care in managing OAAs and related toxicities to improve their quality of life. However, tools are lacking for measuring self-care behaviours in cancer patients on OAAs. The aim of this study was to develop a new selfreported instrument, the Self-Care of Oral Anticancer Agents Index (SCOAAI) and to test its content validity.Methods: SCOAAI items were developed according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) criteria. The Middle Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illnesses was used to guide item development, including self-care maintenance (i.e. behaviours to maintain condition stability), self-care monitoring (i.e. behaviours to monitor OAAs side effects) and selfcare management (i.e. patients' responses to deal with OAAs side effects). A literature review and qualitative interviews with patients and healthcare professionals were conducted to develop SCOAAI-specific items and to assess their comprehensibility and comprehensiveness. The Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated.Results: A first version of the SCOAAI included 44 items. Patients participating in the cognitive interviews (n¼12; n¼6 women, mean age 65 years [SD AE 8]; 37.5% with lung cancer) deemed the instructions, items and response options to be comprehensible and comprehensive. Face-to-face interviews with 5 experts (n¼3 female, mean age: 52 years [SD AE 12.28], n¼4 physicians) addressed some issues of the instrument, resulting in removal of 12 items. The final version of the SCOAAI included 32 items: 15 in self-care maintenance, 11 in self-care monitoring and 6 in self-care management. The item CVI ranged between 0.8 and 1; the scale CVI was 0.99. Conclusions:The SCOAAI showed good content validity and is a promising and psychometrically sound instrument for the assessment of self-care behaviours of cancer patients on OAAs. Since better self-care is associated with better clinical outcomes (e.g. less toxicity, better quality of life and fewer hospitalisations), the SCOAAI, once validated, could become a useful instrument for use in oncology clinical practice and research.Legal entity responsible for the study: M. Di Nitto.Funding: "Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro i Tumori" (LILT) foundation.

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