No abstract
The relative degree and duration of protection against Vibrio uriguillarurii and Pasteurellu piscicidu in sea bass vaccinated once by immersion at 1 g was compared with fish vaccinated by immersion at 1 g and revaccinated at 5 g by immersion or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. The vaccines used were based on V. anguilluruni (serotype 01) and P. piscicidu. The groups of fish were challenged with both pathogens separately at 7 weeks and 26 weeks post revaccination. Sea bass vaccinated by immersion at I g and again at 5 g by immersion o r injection, demonstrated a significant level of protection against V. aiiguillaruni lasting for 26 weeks post revaccination. Sea bass revaccinated by immersion were significantly protected against P. piscicidu 7 weeks post revaccination compared with nonvaccinated fish. Failure in killing nonvaccinated sea bass during the latter pasteurellosis challenge renders duration of protection against P. piscicida beyond 7 weeks post revaccination as inconclusive. No long-term protection was measured against either pathogen in the fish vaccinated at 1 g.
Coldwater Vibrio species isolated from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., during winter ulcer disease outbreaks at saltwater sites in Norway and Iceland were characterized phenotypically, tested for virulence, and used to evaluate the efficacy of multivalent, oil‐adjuvanted vaccines. The intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), in fresh water with one bacteria species isolated during winter ulcer outbreaks, V. ‘viscosus’, produced rapid mortality and disease signs which resembled those observed during natural outbreaks [105 colony‐forming units (cfu) fish−−1]. Another species, V. ‘wodanis’, was not virulent to rainbow trout (103–106 cfu fish−−1). Although vaccination of rainbow trout with a mineral‐oil‐adjuvanted, injectable vaccine containing V. anguillarum (serotypes 01 and 02), V. salmonicida and Aeromonas salmonicida did not provide protection against injection challenge with V. viscosus, vaccines which included V. viscosus produced significant protection in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. Atlantic salmon vaccinated with an oil‐adjuvanted vaccine containing V. viscosus, V. wodanis and atypical A. salmonicida produced a relative percentage survival (RPS) of 97% when challenged i.p. with V. viscosus, demonstrating cross‐protection between strains from Iceland and Norway. Short‐term efficacy was demonstrated in rainbow trout by injection challenge at 21 and 43 days post‐vaccination with an oil‐adjuvanted vaccine containing V. viscosus, V. anguillarum (01/02), V. salmonicida and A. salmonicida, which produced an RPS of 96–99%. Rainbow trout challenged with V. viscosus at 52 and 362 days post‐vaccination produced an RPS of 93% and 79%, indicating that vaccination provided long‐term protection. In a similar manner, rainbow trout injected i.p. with 0.2 mL of a vaccine containing the five bacteria species and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus produced a 90% RPS when challenged with V. viscosus 66 days later. The high RPS under a severe challenge burden, along with disease signs in experimental freshwater challenges which resembled the saltwater disease condition, indicated that V. viscosus is a contributing factor to winter ulcer and that vaccination will protect against the disease.
No abstract
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