1999
DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3519(99)80040-8
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Fish Vaccines

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Cited by 46 publications
(31 citation statements)
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“…While several delivery methods of vaccination are available (including immersion, oral delivery and injection vaccination) [6], injection vaccination is the most widely used vaccination method for disease control in aquaculture [7,8]. Recently, a fourth delivery method, the nasal vaccination, has been shown to be potentially useful in aquaculture [5,9].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While several delivery methods of vaccination are available (including immersion, oral delivery and injection vaccination) [6], injection vaccination is the most widely used vaccination method for disease control in aquaculture [7,8]. Recently, a fourth delivery method, the nasal vaccination, has been shown to be potentially useful in aquaculture [5,9].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Efforts to reduce fish production losses due to ESC of channel catfish, have spurred a quest for prophylactic vaccines and vaccination methods (Saeed & Plumb 1986; Klesius & Shoemaker 1997; Shoemaker & Klesius 1997; Vinitnantharat, Gravningen & Greger 1999). The fact that vaccines composed of attenuated bacteria are far superior to killed bacteria (bacterins) or bacterial products (antigenic components) as immunogens are well founded (Klesius & Shoemaker 1999; Shoemaker, Klesius & Bricker 1999; Seder & Hill 2000; Janeway, Travers, Walport & Shlomchik 2001).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fish vaccines are authorized for a range of species including salmon and trout in areas of northern Europe (Tatner, 1993;Vinitnantharat et al ., 1999). These too are generally very safe but adverse injection site reactions may occur with the use of oil‐based products (Evensen, 2003).…”
Section: Suspected Adverse Reactions In Animalsmentioning
confidence: 99%