This study evaluated the effects of different levels of canola meal in broiler diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and duodenal morphometry. A total of 320 one-day-old Cobb broilers were used in a 35-d experiment. A completely randomized design with 5 levels of canola meal (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%) as a substitute for soybean meal was used with 8 replicates of 8 birds each. The basal diets were formulated based on corn and soybean meal to meet nutrient requirements of broiler chickens. The levels of canola meal were evaluated with a polynomial regression at 5% of significance. Weight gain and average BW showed a quadratic response (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively), decreasing with the addition of 40% canola meal. The apparent nutrient digestibility of DM (P < 0.0001), CP (P < 0.0001), and nitrogen-free extract (P < 0.0001) decreased linearly with increased levels of canola meal. A quadratic effect was observed for villus height (P = 0.003), decreasing up to a 20% inclusion of canola meal in the diet and increasing beyond that level. In conclusion, canola meal can be added up to 16.7% in diets for broilers without affecting the key variables of growth performance. It can be added up to 20% with no negative effect on the CP digestibility, but there was a linear decrease in the digestibility of DM and nitrogen-free extract with increased inclusion of canola meal. Additionally, a quadratic response to canola was observed for villus height with a maximum at 23.6% canola meal.
ABSTRACT. The effect of stocking density in broiler chickens (11.08 and 13.20 birds m -2 ), between 5 and 45 days of age, was assessed with regard to performance, cut yield, litter moisture and frequency of pododermatitis injuries. Further, 476 one-day chicks Cobb 500 ® were distributed in a completely randomized design at two densities (birds m -²), with seven replications per treatment in 14 experimental units. Birds housed at a lower density (11.08) increased feed intake (p < 0.05), without any effect on weight gain and feed conversion. Retail yields were not influenced (p > 0.05) by treatments. In the case of higher density (3.20) the litter showed higher moisture content (p < 0.05) at 28 and 35 days of age. There was a higher occurrence of pododermatitis in birds housed at a density of 13.20 birds m ) e sete repetições por tratamento, 14 unidades experimentais. Observou-se que as aves alojadas em menor densidade (11,08) apresentaram maior consumo de ração (p < 0,05), porém, sem afetar o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. O rendimento das partes não foi influenciado pelos tratamentos (p > 0,05). Foi verificado efeito significado (p < 0,05) sobre a umidade da cama na maior densidade (3,20), apresentando maior umidade (p < 0,05) aos 28 e aos 35 dias de idade das aves. Observou-se maior incidência por pododermatite em aves alojadas na maior densidade (3,20). Conclui-se que o aumento da densidade de alojamento de 11,08 para 13,20 aves m -2 , não afeta o desempenho zootécnico, rendimento da carcaça e cortes. Porém, promoveu aumento na umidade na cama, assim como a maior incidência de pododermatite de grau 1 foi observada na densidade de 13,20 aves m -2 . Palavras-chave: aves, consumo de ração, lotação, ambiência, pododermatite, bem-estar.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of using 500 FTU/kg of hybrid phytase (created from three bacteria-Natuphos E), with or without xylanase and glucanase (560 TXU/kg; 250 TGU/kg)-Natugrain TS, in corn and soybean meal-based diets, with nutritional reductions in metabolizable energy (ME), Ca, and available phosphorus (AP), on performance parameters and production costs in broiler chickens. The 1875chickens were housed in boxes and distributed among 5 treatments with 15 replicates of 25 chickens each. The experiment included a positive control (the diet of which met the nutritional requirements of the birds), two negative controls (with ME reductions of 70 and 100 kcal/kg, and fixed reductions in Ca [0.16%] and AP [0.15%]), and two treatments with identical nutritional reductions in addition to enzyme supplementation. The treatments included the following: PC= positive control (basal diet (BD) corn and soybean meal); R_70 = BD with reduction of 70 kcal/kg, Ca and AP;R_100 = BD with reduction of 100 kcal, Ca and AP; R_70 + P =BD with reduction of 70 kcal/kg, Ca and AP + phytase (500 FTU/kg); R_100 + P + XG =BD with reduction of 100 kcal/kg, Ca and AP + phytase (500 FTU/kg) + xylanase (560 TXU/kg) + glucanase (250 TGU/kg). Performance parameters, carcass yield, and production costs (USD/ton chilled carcass) were evaluated. In conclusion, the reductions of 70 kcal/kg, 0.16% Ca, and 0.15% AP did not affect performance in chickens over 42 days, if diets were supplemented with hybrid phytase (500 FTU/kg). Supplementation with hybrid phytase and carbohydrases in diets with reductions of 100 kcal/ kg, 0.16% Ca, and 0.15% AP led to lower production costs.
1. This study evaluated the effects of canola meal in broiler diets on carcass yield, carcass composition, and instrumental and sensory analyses of meat. 2. A total of 320 one-day-old Cobb broilers were used in a 35-d experiment using a completely randomised design with 5 concentrations of canola meal (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%) as a dietary substitute for soya bean meal. 3. Polynomial regression at 5% significance was used to evaluate the effects of canola meal content. The following variables were measured: carcass yield, chemical composition of meat, and instrumental and sensorial analyses. 4. The results showed that carcass yield exhibited a quadratic effect that was crescent to the level of 18% of canola meal based on the weight of the leg and a quadratic increase at concentrations up to 8.4% of canola meal based on the weight of the chest. The yield of the chest exhibited a linear behaviour. 5. The chemical composition of leg meat, instrumental analysis of breast meat and sensory characteristics of the breast meat was not significantly affected by the inclusion of canola meal. The chemical composition of the breast meat exhibited an increased linear effect in terms of dry matter and ether extract and a decreased linear behaviour in terms of the ash content. 6. In conclusion, soya bean meal can be substituted with canola meal at concentrations up to 20% of the total diet without affecting carcass yield, composition of meat or the instrumental or sensory characteristics of the meat of broilers.
This study evaluated the effect of different levels of canola meal in the diet to laying Japanese quails on productive performance, egg quality and economic viability. A total of 120 80-day-old Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with average weight 146.54 ± 12 g were evaluated during 84 days. Dietary treatments consisted of the replacement of soybean meal with canola meal at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50%. We evaluated economic viability, productive performance, internal and external quality of eggs. Data were analyzed by polynomial regression at 5%. Body weight decreased linearly as the level of canola meal increased (p = 0.0055). Egg weight (p = 0.0032) and diameter (p = 0.0398) showed a quadratic response, increasing up to 30% substitution with subsequent reduction. Yolk color increased linearly as the level of canola meal increased (p = 0.0039). Canola meal can substitute soybean meal up to 30% without impairing productive performance, egg quality and diet cost.Efeito do farelo de canola na dieta de codornas japonesas RESUMO. Este estudo avaliou o efeito de níveis dietéticos de farelo de canola para codornas japonesas em postura sobre o desempenho produtivo, a qualidade dos ovos e a viabilidade econômica. Foram utilizadas 120 codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) com peso médio de 146,54 ± 12 g e 80 dias de idade foram avaliadas por 84 dias. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de níveis de substituição do farelo de soja pelo farelo de canola em 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 ou 50% na dieta. Foi avaliada a viabilidade econômica, o desempenho produtivo, a qualidade interna e a externa dos ovos. Os dados foram analisados por meio de regressão polinomial com 5% de significância. O peso corporal diminuiu linearmente com o aumento do nível de farelo de canola (p = 0,0055). O peso do ovo (p = 0,0032) e o diâmetro (p = 0,0398) apresentaram respostas quadráticas, aumentando até o nível de 30% de substituição e reduzindo posteriormente. A cor da gema aumentou de forma linear com o aumento do nível de farelo de canola (p = 0,0039). O farelo de canola pode substituir o farelo de soja em até 30% sem prejudicar o desempenho produtivo, qualidade do ovo e custo de dieta. Palavras-chave: alimento alternativo, nutrição, desempenho, proteína.
Whole rice bran (WRB) was added to Japanese quail feed, and the effects of stabilization of the WRB with organic acids and its storage for different amounts of time were evaluated with respect to performance and egg quality, centesimal composition, and sensory characteristics. We used 150 90-d-old Japanese quails. We had a 5 × 2 factorial scheme of five storage periods (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 d), with and without organic acid treatment. To replace corn, 20% WRB was added to the diet. Feed consumption increased for up to 71 d of bran storage (P = 0.01) and then subsequently decreased. An increasing quadratic relationship was observed between egg mass and storage time for up to 71 d of storage (P = 0.03); egg mass then decreased thereafter. The specific gravity of the eggs produced by birds that received treated WRB at 0 d of storage was greater than those of eggs produced by birds that received treated WRB after 90 d of storage. In conclusion, the organic acid treatment maintained the quality of the WRB over up to 120 d of storage and could comprise 20% of the laying quails' diet without affecting growth performance, egg quality, bromatological composition, or the sensory attributes of the eggs.Key words: egg quality, quails, whole rice bran, storage, sensory attributes.Résumé : Le son de riz entier (WRB) a été ajouté à l'alimentation des cailles du Japon et les effets de la stabilisation du WRB avec des acides organiques et son entreposage pendant des périodes de temps différentes ont été évalués par rapport à la performance et la qualité des oeufs, la composition centésimale et les caractéristiques sensorielles. Nous avons utilisé 150 cailles du Japon âgées de 90 jours. Un schéma factoriel 5 × 2 de cinq périodes d'entreposage (0, 30, 60, 90 et 120 jours), avec et sans traitement à l'acide organique. Pour remplacer le maïs, 20 % de son de riz entier a été ajouté à la diète. La consommation d'aliments a augmenté pendant 71 jours d'entreposage du son (P = 0,01), puis a diminué. Une relation quadratique croissante a été observée entre la masse de l'oeuf et le temps d'entreposage pendant jusqu'à 71 jours d'entreposage (P = 0,03); la masse de l'oeuf a diminué par après. La densité des oeufs produits par les oiseaux ayant reçu le son de riz entier traité à 0 jour d'entreposage était plus élevée que celle des oeufs produits par des oiseaux ayant reçu le son de riz entier traité après 90 jours d'entreposage. En conclusion, le traitement à l'acide organique a maintenu la qualité du son de riz entier pendant jusqu'à 120 jours d'entreposage, qui peut être utilisé à raison de 20 % de la diète des cailles pondeuses sans effet néfaste sur la performance de croissance, la qualité des oeufs, la composition bromatologique ou les caractéristiques sensorielles des oeufs. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
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