This paper aims to present an updated review of parallel algorithms for solving square and rectangular single and double precision matrix linear systems using multi-core central processing units and graphic processing units. A brief description of the methods for the solution of linear systems based on operations, factorization and iterations was made. The methodology implemented, in this article, is a documentary and it was based on the review of about 17 papers reported in the literature during the last five years (2016-2020). The disclosed findings demonstrate the potential of parallelism to significantly decrease extreme learning machines training times for problems with large amounts of data given the calculation of the Moore Penrose pseudo inverse. The implementation of parallel algorithms in the calculation of the pseudo-inverse will allow to contribute significantly in the applications of diversifying areas, since it can accelerate the training time of the extreme learning machines with optimal results.
The segmentation of the human body organ called liver is a highly challenging problem due to the noise, artifacts and the low contrast exhibited by the anatomical structures located around the liver and that are present in digital images, generated by any modality of medical images. The main modalities are: ultrasound, nuclear emission, magnetic resonance and the gold standard called multi-slice computed tomography. In this paper, with the objective of to address this problem, we consider multi-slice computed tomography images and we propose an automatic strategy based on two phases. In the first phase, a digital filtering bank is used for diminishing the noise effect and the artifacts impact in the quality of images. In the second phase, called liver detection, we use a smart operator based on least squares support vector machines for generating both the morphology and the volume of liver. The application of this strategy allows generating the morphology of the liver in a precise and efficient manner as it was demonstrated by the metrics used to assess its performance. These results are very important in clinical-surgical processes where both the shape and volume of liver are vital for monitoring some liver diseases that can affect the normal liver physiology.
El presente artículo de resultados aborda el aprendizaje académico en la edad adolescente como un proceso fundamental para determinar los aspectos que minimizan el rendimiento desde la interacción con padres, profesores y compañeros de curso. Se destacan las rupturas comunicativas con los padres, el desinterés académico del grupo y la mediación de los aprendizajes por los asesores de tareas. Para ello se realizó una investigación centrada en los análisis teóricos del aprendizaje social con Vygotsky, Bandura y las teorías ecológicas, las cuales permiten explorar el interés del colectivo para optimizar los aprendizajes individuales. Metodológicamente se trabajó bajo un enfoque cualitativo, con un enfoque fenomenológico y un alcance de tipo descriptivo. La muestra estuvo constituida por 30 estudiantes, sus padres y 5 docentes de octavo grado del Colegio Sagrado Corazón de Jesús de Cúcuta. Las técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de datos implementados fueron la entrevista por medio de un guion semi-estructurado y la observación directa de tipo participante monitoreada a través del diario de campo, mientras que el análisis de información se realizó mediante la triangulación por actores. Este estudio fenomenológico permitió comprender el aprendizaje social como elemento fundamental para mejorar el rendimiento académico.
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