No abstract

The outcomes of the embryos based on the dynamic score do not comply with the results of the preconstructed model. Each IVF laboratory is unique based on its practice. Therefore, we suggest that each IVF laboratory should determine its own embryo selection criteria based on its own data instead of using a preconstructed model.

The reasons for higher ectopic pregnancy rates in GnRH agonist triggered cycles relative to hCG triggered cycles may be the decreased receptivity of the endometrium due to insufficient luteal support and higher implantation potential of embryos in correlation with a higher number of good quality embryos obtained in these cycles.

Apo E4 codon 112C point mutation is, by itself, not associated with an elevated risk of recurrent pregnancy loss, but rather codon 112C in association with codon 158C is a risk factor for RPL.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a frequently occurring inherited condition with cysts in many organs including the kidneys. However, a combination of seminal vesicle cysts, cystic obstruction of ejaculatory duct and ADPKD is rarely encountered. The following case report presents an infertile ADPKD patient who had seminal vesicle cysts and ejaculatory duct cyst, and describes the treatment by transurethral resection of the ejaculatory duct.

No abstract

Although around 1-4% of human zygotes have been found to be tripronuclear, there is little information about the subsequent development and chromosomal composition of embryos that derive from these zygotes. Herein, we report a pregnancy and subsequent delivery of a healthy newborn after the transfer of a blastocyst that developed from a tripronuclear zygote that had a euploid microarray result.

Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and antagonists have been widely used to prevent premature LH surge during ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and embryo transfer (1-3). GnRH agonist suppresses gonadotrophin secretion through both pituitary desensitisation and GnRH receptor down-regulation, whereas GnRH antagonist competes with endogenous GnRH for receptor binding and therefore rapidly inhibits secretion of gonadotrophin (1). It has been suggested that the desensitisation by GnRH agonist has different effects on the intraovarian system than GnRH antagonist (4). Also, GnRH antagonist-treated women showed lower serum and follicular oestradiol concentrations on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration during IVF (5-8). This suggests a difference in ovarian oestradiol metabolism between the two protocols.Coasting, i.e., withholding gonadotropin stimulation whilst continuing pituitary desensitisation for a variable number of days is the most popular strategy for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) during ovarian stimulation (9). The above-mentioned differences between agonists and antagonists suggest different effects on serum oestradiol levels during coasting. Therefore, in this retrospective analysis, we aimed to compare the change in serum oestradiol levels after withholding the gonadotropins for coasting between long agonist and antagonist cycles. Material and MethodsAntagonist and long luteal agonist cycles, in which coasting was performed, were analysed in this retrospective analysis. Among 4220 cycles between 2001 and 2006, coasting was performed in 115 cycles. Coasting was performed for the indications of: [1] presence of >20 follicles, which were >10 mm in diameter; and/or [2] presence of high (>4000 pg/mL) serum oestradiol level. In all of these cycles, the follicular diameter for the smallest of the three leading follicles was 15 mm. Serum oestradiol levels were determined daily or every other day during coasting until serum oestradiol levels decreased to <4000 pg/mL. Only women between the ages of 21 and 39 years (n=102) were included in the analysis, to match the groups by age. Antagonist cycles (n=50) were compared with long agonist cycles (n=52) with respect to the duration of coasting and the serum oestradiol levels following withholding of gonadotropins. Pregnancy and implantation rates and the rate and severity of OHSS were also compared. The severity of OHSS was determined according to the Golan criteria (10). Cycle characteristics were compared by using the Student's t-test and chi-square test, where appropriate. Continu- ABSTRACTBackground: GnRH agonists and antagonists have different mechanism of action, and therefore serum estradiol levels might differ during coasting in IVF.