Malnutrition can reduce immune response particularly in cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) production and immune effector (eosinophil, IgE, and mast cell), thus increasing the probability of intestinal nematode infection. Through this study, intestinal nematode infections occurred among children under five years, at different nutrition status, in Kokar Public Health center, Alor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara was captured. Hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis were studied as both of them have devastating impacts compare to other helminthes compare to other helminths. This study is a cross- sectional study with a quote sampling technique. As many as 238 children, aged 12-59 months living in Kokar’s Public Health Center area, Alor regency were recruited in this study i.e. 7.7% severely underweight, 19.2% underweight, 70.5% normal and 2.6% overweight. Data were collected in August - October 2016. Hookworm and S. stercoralis infection were determined from collected fecal samples of all subjects using either Baermann test, Koga Agar Plate (KAP), or Harada- Mori culture method. The prevalence of hookworm and S. stercoralis infection was 8.82%, and 0,42%. Correlation between nutritional status and hookworm infection were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test with p value = 0.54 (p > 0.05). Prevalence of hookworm and S. stercoralis among children under five years in Kokar were 8.82% and 0.42%. There was no significant correlation between nutritional status with hookworm infection prevalence.
The prevalence of helminthiasis on primary school children in Indonesia is high, around 40-60%. This study aims to assess the impact of treatment and predictors of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections at 3 months after treatment. Population of this study was students of a primary school in Kokap (Sekolah Dasar Negeri/SDN Gunung Agung), Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, determined based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria (n = 65). Stool samples examined using Kato Katz method. Students infected with STH were given appropriate treatment and stool samples were collected again to determine cure rate (CR) and egg reduction rate (ERR) at 2 week post-treatment and at 3 months post-treatment to determine incidence of re-infection, new infection or failed treatment. Information on personal hygiene and sanitation were collected by interview with students of SDN Gunung Agung. Treatment with pyrantel pamoat was effective against hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoides with CR of 100% and ERR of 100% while treatment with albendazol was ineffective against Trichuris trichiura (CR = 12.8%, ERR = 62.4%) though the Wilcoxon test for T. trichiura showed a significant reduction egg count (epg) before and 2 week after treatment (p<0.05). The overall infection rate at 3 months after treatment was 35.4% with cases of re-infection, new infection and untreated cases. This result was not significantly different with infection rate before treatment (p>0.05). The existence of double infection before treatment showed p value <0.05 (OR = 2) with the prevalence of STH infections 3 months after treatment. Bivariate analysis between personal hygiene and environmental sanitation with the prevalence of STH infections 3 months after treatment was obtained p value >0.05. Presence of re-infection, new infection and untreated cases confirms that an integrated approach is necessary to control STH infection in Kokap,
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