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Serum and aqueous humour zinc and copper concentrations of 44 patients with glaucoma and cataract were determined. Serum values were found within normal ranges. The highest mean copper concentration was seen in the glaucoma group. In addition there was a significant negative correlation between the aqueous humour levels of zinc and copper in patients with glaucoma. It was concluded that an increased copper value together with a low zinc value might be of importance in patients with glaucoma.

Purposes:The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic significance of fibronectin type III domain containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/Irisin levels in the sera of patients with renal cell cancer.Materials and Methods:In the study, 48 individuals were evaluated. The patient group included 23 subjects diagnosed with renal tumor, and the control group of 25 healthy individuals. Patients diagnosed with renal tumor received surgical treatment consisting of radical or partial nephrectomy. Blood specimens were collected and serum FNDC5/Irisin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:FNDC5/irisin and CEA levels in renal cancer patients were significantly higher compared with the control group (p=0.0001, p=0.009, respectively). Also, FNDC5 levels was more sensitive and specific than CEA levels. The best cut-off points for FNDC5/irisin were >105pg/mL and CEA were >2.67ng/mL for renal cancer.Conclusions:FNDC5/Irisin may be used as a diagnostic biomarker for renal cancer.

Increased FNDC5 expression in white and brown adipose tissues may have a cachectic effect in mice with induced cancer. However, it is not possible to explain the mechanism of the relationship between irisin and gastric cancer development on the basis of the results of this study.

Carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) has an important role in thyroid hormone synthesis via regulating iodide (I-) transport across thyroidal cell membranes and the existence of autoantibodies against CA I and/or CA II have been shown in sera from patient with various autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's Syndrome, Systemic Lupus Erythmatosus, type 1 diabetes, primary biliary cirrhosis and ulcerative colitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of anti-CA I and CA II antibodies in autoimmune thyroid disease and the relationships between the autoantibodies and other clinical parameters. We studied 40 autoimmune thyroid patients (20 Hashimoto's thyroiditis, HT and 20 Graves' disease, GD ) and 21 healthy control subjects. Serum anti-CA I and CA II antibodies were screened by ELISA. Positive rate of anti-CA II (25%) antibody was significantly higher in GD patients as compared to HT patients and control subjects (p<0.05). There were no significant changes in positive rate of anti-CA I antibody. In addition, a significant correlation between serum anti-CA antibodies titers and other studied clinical parameters was not found. The results suggest that anti-CA II antibodies may be involved in the pathogenesis of GD.

Studies on the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying obesity have shown that the expression of some proteins was decreased with obesity in rat adipose tissue. One of these proteins is carbonic anhydrase III (CA III) which constitutes 24% of the cytosolic protein content and its function is unclear. A freshly isolated rat adipose cell culture model was used to examine the effect of leptin and insulin on CA III expression. It was found that leptin decreased CA III expression while insulin increased it which suggests that the decrease in CA III expression observed in obesity in rat adipose tissue may be related to hyperleptinemia.

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