widely used as biocontrol agents and plant growth promoters. Endophytic colonisation of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) by T. atroviride strains was studied in laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments. Four strains of T. atroviride were inoculated into in vitro agar cultures or potting mix with ryegrass seeds for colonisation studies. The strains were also produced as prill or granule formulations for application in the field experiment. Microscopy was used to observe fungal structures in plant tissue segments from pot-or field-grown plants. Segments were also surface sterilised and placed onto Trichoderma selective media. Fungal colonies recovered were verified as T. atroviride by sequencing the tef1 gene. No endophytic colonisation occurred in any non-inoculated plants, and no Trichoderma endophytic colonisation was observed in field-grown plants. However, microscopy revealed fungal hyphae and reproductive structures characteristic of Trichoderma in root and stem sheath tissues of inoculated plants from in vitro cultures and pots. These results were verified by sequencing the tef1 gene. This study has demonstrated endophytic colonisation of ryegrass by T. atroviride strains, which may be related to beneficial effects on plant growth and disease control.
The effect of Fusarium tumidum a potential mycoherbicide on gorse seedling emergence and growth was examined in three experiments In Experiment 1 F tumiduminoculated wheat grains (one two or three) were placed close to pregerminated gorse seeds at sowing Shoot and root dry weights of inoculated seedlings were lower than the control treatment at all three inoculum densities but there was no significant difference in percentage emergence In Experiments 2 and 3 two inoculated wheat grains were placed in contact with the seedlings at sowing Less than 50 of inoculated seedlings emerged compared with 97 in the control treatments from both experiments Soon after emergence about onethird of the inoculated seedlings that had emerged died from dampingoff disease caused by F tumidum Shoot and root dry weights of inoculated seedlings were significantly lower than the control treatment The results suggest that F tumidum can suppress gorse seedling emergence and growth
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