Suppression of emergence and growth of gorse (&lt;i&gt;Ulex europaeus&lt;/i&gt;) seedlings by &lt;i&gt;Fusarium tumidum&lt;/i&gt;

Yamoah, E.; Jones, E.E.; Suckling, D. M.; Bourdôt, G. W.; Stewart, Alison

doi:10.30843/nzpp.2006.59.4495

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…A 96% reduction in seedling dry weight (without a commensurate decrease in seedling survival) was also observed in Tasmanian (Australia) field conditions [31]. The measured effects of competition were reported in only a small number of papers in our search ( n = 5), although many subsequent articles refer to competition as a possible strategy in the management of gorse (e.g., [3,33,34]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

A World of Gorse: Persistence of Ulex europaeus in Managed Landscapes

Broadfield

McHenry

2019

Plants

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Gorse (Ulex europeus L.) is a woody legume and invasive woody weed that has been introduced to temperate pastoral landscapes worldwide. Despite the apparent cosmopolitan distribution of gorse across much of the temperate agroecological landscapes of the world, research and practice pertaining to the management of gorse has been largely constrained to single-treatments, regions, or timeframes. Gorse eradication has been widely attempted, with limited success. Using the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis) method and a quasi-metanalytical approach, we reviewed the seminal ~299 papers pertaining to gorse management. We identified (i) the ecological characteristics of the species that predispose gorse to behaving invasively, and (ii) the success of management actions (from a plant ecological life history perspective) in reducing weed vigour and impact. A broad ecological niche, high reproductive output, propagule persistence, and low vulnerability to pests allow for rapid landscape exploitation by gorse throughout much the world. Additionally, there are differences in flowering duration and season in the northern and southern hemisphere that make gorse particularly pernicious in the latter, as gorse flowers twice per year. The implications of these life history stages and resistance to environmental sieves after establishment are that activity and efficacy of control is more likely to be favourable in juvenile stages. Common approaches to gorse control, including herbicides, biological controls, and fire have not been ubiquitously successful, and may in fact target the very site resources—sward cover, soil stability, hydrological balance—that, when degraded, facilitate gorse invasion. Ongoing seedling regeneration presents difficulties if eradication is a goal, but facilitated competition may reduce costs via natural suppression. Mechanical methods of gorse removal, though highly successful, induce chronic soil erosion and land degradation and should hence be used sparingly.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

A World of Gorse: Persistence of Ulex europaeus in Managed Landscapes

Broadfield

McHenry

2019

Plants

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Identification of potential fungal biocontrol agents for the management of ripgut brome

Gerard

Koten

Schoof

et al. 2023

NZPP

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Ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus) is a significant weed in arable systems with cereals being negatively impacted through yield reduction and contamination of harvested grain. There are limited herbicide options for its control, and reduction of the weed seed bank is a key part of its management. Ripgut brome seeds were incubated in three soils known to harbour a range of plant pathogens, and a range of fungi were subsequently isolated from ungerminated seeds. The most prevalent putative fungal pathogens isolated were Fusarium spp. and Marasmius sp. Selected isolates were cultured on artificial media and tested for their ability to inhibit germination of ripgut brome seeds in a series of in vitro assays, with many isolates completely inhibiting germination. When isolates were tested for their activity against non-target arable species in plant assays, three of five Fusarium spp. isolates significantly inhibited germination of oats and barley while a Marasmius sp. isolate had no effect on germination of these species. Further plant assays using four Marasmius sp. isolates against a wider range of plant species (oats, barley, ryegrass, brome, cocksfoot, and prairie grass) indicated some variability between Marasmius sp. isolates, with two isolates slightly inhibiting germination of some plant species, while two isolates (W14, W17) had no adverse effects. Sequencing of the ITS region of the Marasmius sp. isolates indicated that they were closely related but distinct from M. graminum, which is known to have some phytopathogenic activity and M. oreades which has not yet been reported as a plant pathogen. Further investigation of the Marasmius isolates as potential biocontrol agents for ripgut brome seed is warranted.

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Suppression of emergence and growth of gorse (<i>Ulex europaeus</i>) seedlings by <i>Fusarium tumidum</i>

Cited by 2 publications

References 11 publications

A World of Gorse: Persistence of Ulex europaeus in Managed Landscapes

A World of Gorse: Persistence of Ulex europaeus in Managed Landscapes

Identification of potential fungal biocontrol agents for the management of ripgut brome

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