The objective of this work was to assess the grain yield and the economic response of off-season corn (Zea mays) crop subjected to different combinations of starter and topdressing nitrogen fertilization, in the Brazilian Cerrado region. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design in a 3×4 factorial arrangement (0, 45, and 90 kg ha-1 N at sowing and 0, 22.5, 45, and 90 kg ha-1 N in topdressing as urea), in six environments, combining three sites and two sowing times. Grain yield was determined, and the response to total N applied as starter and topdressing was used to obtain a general model of the average trend of the technical and economic return of fertilization. The corn crop response varied according to the environment, and the observed yields were high. The application of N as a starter fertilizer increased corn yield and improved the effect of topdressing fertilization or even made it unnecessary. Fertilization with 90 kg ha-1 N as urea promotes greater yield and economic return and improves N balance in the soybean/off-season corn crop system.
RESUMO -neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a resposta do milho à adubação nPK, em semeadura realizada nos meses de janeiro e fevereiro, sucedendo a cultura da soja, em rio verde-go. o experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, num esquema fatorial 4x2, constituído por quatro opções de adubação nPK na semeadura, com ou sem adubação nitrogenada de cobertura. Foram cultivados os híbridos P 30F53 Yh e dKB 310 Pro, no primeiro e segundo anos, respectivamente, e coletados os dados de altura de plantas e de espigas, número de espigas, de fileiras por espiga, de grãos por fileira, massa de 1.000 grãos e produtividade. A produtividade de grãos do milho safrinha é influenciada pelas épocas de semeadura que definem as condições de disponibilidade hídrica, e pela adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, sem expressar resposta à adubação nPK na semeadura, que, em janeiro, favorece a produtividade, por conciliar melhor a distribuição de chuvas no final da fase de desenvolvimento vegetativo e na fase reprodutiva, etapas críticas para o potencial produtivo do milho. independentemente da época de cultivo e da adubação NPK na semeadura, a aplicação de N em cobertura promove ganho significativo de produtividade da cultura.Palavras-chave: sucessão de culturas, adubação de manutenção, veranico, Zea mays l. SECOND-SEASON CORN RESPONSE TO FERTILIZATION IN TWO SEEDING TIMESABSTRACT -this study aimed to evaluate the response of maize to nPK fertilization in sowing in january and February, succeeding soybean crop, in rio verde, State of goiás, Brazil. the experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a 4x2 factorial scheme, and it consisted of four nPK options in seeding time, with or without nitrogen topdressing. Hybrids P 30F53 YH and DKB 310 PRO were grown in the first and second year, respectively. We collected the data of plant height, ears height, number of ears, number of rows per ear, number of grains by row, thousand kernel weight and productivity. The productivity of second-season maize grain is influenced by sowing time, which defines the conditions of water availability, and the nitrogen fertilization, without expressing response to NPK fertilizer at sowing. Seeding in january favors productivity to reconcile better distribution of rainfall at the end of the vegetative growth phase and reproductive phase, critical steps for the production of maize potential. regardless of the growing season and NPK fertilization at sowing, application of N topdressing promotes significant productivity gain.
The use of organic waste in agriculture has been used aiming at greater productivity, decrease in the cost of production and sustainable use of resources. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of phosphate fertilization with the maintenance of organomineral fertilizers, combining poultry manure and soluble or reactive phosphate, in the production of grains in corn culture and the residual effect for subsequent crops of beans and soybeans. The experiment was conducted in Sete Lagoas, MG, in 2015, using three fertilizers with sources of different phosphorus sources (triple super phosphate-STP, organomineral with STP and organomineral with Bayovar phosphate) applied at the doses of 65, 130, 195 and 260 kg•ha −1 of P 2 O 5 total, and compared to the control without phosphate fertilization. We evaluated the contents of foliar P, P accumulation in the grains, yields of corn grains, beans and soy, accumulated productivity and export of accumulated P of the three cultures. The three cultures assessed presented higher productivity when compared to the average of the factorial treatments that received phosphate fertilization relative to the control. Organomineral fertilizers increased grain production, obtaining average productivity equal to or greater than those obtained with the exclusive use of STP.
RESUMO -No Brasil Central, a produtividade e a demanda nutricional do milho em sucessão à soja cultivada no verão são dependentes das condições climáticas ao longo do ciclo. Sendo assim, objetivou-se com esse trabalho quantificar a extração e exportação de nutrientes pelo milho, em função da época de semeadura e da adubação fornecida na safrinha de 2014, em Rio Verde-GO. Em cada época de semeadura (29/01/2014 e 25/02/2014) foi conduzido um experimento em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, num esquema fatorial 4x2, sendo quatro adubações de semeadura (00-00-00, 00-50-50, 25-50-50 e 50-50-50 kg ha -1 de N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O), com ou sem adubação nitrogenada em cobertura (0 ou 50 kg ha -1 de N). Ao final do ciclo, foram avaliados o rendimento de grãos e o acúmulo de nutrientes nos componentes da parte aérea. Foram determinadas a extração e a exportação de nutrientes. O desenvolvimento e a extração de nutrientes pelo milho safrinha são influenciados pela época de cultivo, assim como pela adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, sem, contudo, ser afetados pela adubação NPK realizada na semeadura. Há maior produção de biomassa seca e produtividade de grãos com a semeadura em janeiro em comparação a fevereiro. O cultivo na primeira época e o nitrogênio em cobertura resultam em maior extração da maioria dos nutrientes, sem necessariamente implicar maiores taxas de exportação com a colheita dos grãos. Em média, a exportação por tonelada de grãos produzida foi de 14,2; 1,5; 2,8; 0,07; 0,7 e 1,0 kg de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S; e de 2; 12; 4 e 16 g de Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn, respectivamente. Esses valores implicam doses relativamente baixas de fertilizantes na adubação de manutenção para repor a exportação na colheita do milho safrinha. Palavras-chave: sucessão de culturas, extração, exportação, requerimentos nutricionais, Zea mays L. OFF-SEASON CORN NUTRIENT DEMAND ACCORDING TO THE SOWING DATE AND FERTILIZATIONABSTRACT -In Central Brazil, productivity and nutritional demand of corn in succession to soybeans grown in summer are dependent on climatic conditions throughout the cycle. Therefore, the objective of this work was to quantify the extraction and exportation of nutrients by off-season corn, according to the sowing date and fertilization in Rio Verde, State of -Goiás, Brazil. In each sowing time (01/29/2014 and 02/25/2014), a randomized complete block design experiment was carried out, with four replications, in a 4x2 factorial scheme, with four sowing fertilizations (00-00-00, 00 -50-50, 25-50-50 and 50-50-50 kg ha -1 of N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O), with or without nitrogen fertilization (0 or 50 kg ha -1 N). At the end of the cycle, grain yield and nutrient accumulation in shoot components were evaluated. The extraction and export of nutrients were determined. The growing season and the sidedress nitrogen influence the development and extraction of nutrients by the off-season corn, without, however, being affected by the NPK fertilization at sowing. There is higher production of dry biomass and grain yield with sowing in J...
RESUMO -Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a produção de biomassa e a qualidade de duas cultivares de milheto (ADR 500 e BRS 1503) semeadas em diferentes épocas (01/02, 18/02, 27/02 e 12/03/2013), após a colheita de milho silagem. O estudo foi conduzido no campo experimental da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, em Sete Lagoas, MG. O delineamento utilizado foi blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. As cultivares de milheto não apresentaram diferença na produtividade de forragem. Entretanto, a forragem da cultivar BRS1503 teve maior proporção de panícula e menor teor de FDA. A utilização de milheto em sucessão ao milho silagem pode ser adotada para incrementar a oferta de forragem na região Central de Minas Gerais.Palavras-chave: fibras, massa seca, Pennisetum glaucum, proteína bruta, safrinha.ABSTRACT -The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomass production and quality of two cultivars of pearl millet (ADR 500 and BRS 1503) sown at different times (February 01, 18, 27 and March 12, 2013) after harvesting corn silage.The study was conducted at the experimental field of Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, MG. The design was randomized complete block with five replications. The cultivars of pearl millet showed no difference in forage yield, however the cultivar BRS1503 presented higher incidence of panicle in forage and lower ADF content. The use of millet in succession to corn silage can be used to increase the supply of forage in the central region of Minas Gerais.
RESUMO - Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade da forragem e grãos de milho e do capim braquiária em consórcio, submetidos a diferentes níveis de sombreamentos proporcionados pelos renques de eucaliptos, em sistema de Integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta, na região de Sete Lagoas-MG. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, em Sete Lagoas-MG, em área de cultivo de eucalipto (Eucalyptus urophylla, clone AEC 1528) implantado em 29 de outubro de 2013, em espaçamento 15x2 m entre plantas. Em 24 de novembro de 2015, foi realizada a semeadura simultânea em sistema plantio direto do milho (AG 8088 VT PRO) consorciado com capim braquiária (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) em espaçamentos de 0,70 m entre linhas, a uma distância de 1 metro entre a primeira linha de semeadura do milho/braquiária e os renques de eucalipto. As produtividades de grãos e forragem de milho e de milho mais capim entre os renques de eucalipto foram semelhantes às produtividades em pleno sol a partir de 3,8 m de distância entre as linhas de milho e os renques de eucalipto. A produtividade de grãos e de forragens foi diretamente influenciada pela redução da distância entre as linhas de semeadura e os renques de eucalipto com três anos de implantação em espaçamento de 15x2. O componente arbóreo no sistema de Integração Lavoura-Pecuária- Floresta altera o ambiente no sub-bosque, reduzindo a incidência de radiação fotossinteticamente ativa entre os renques, diminuindo diretamente as produtividades de forragem e grãos de milho em cultivo consorciado com U. brizantha.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, U. brizantha, eucalipto, cultivo consorciado.GRAIN AND FORAGE PRODUCTION IN THE FUNCTION OF LUMINOUS AVAILABILITY IN INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK-FORESTRY SYSTEMSABSTRACT - The objective of this work was to evaluate the productivity of grass and maize forage, and maize grains submitted to different levels of shade provided by the eucalypt trees, in Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest system, in the region of Sete Lagoas, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, in Sete Lagoas, MG, in an area of eucalypt (Eucalyptus urophylla, clone AEC 1528) implanted on October 29, 2013, spaced 15x2 m between plants. On November 24, 2015, no-tillage system (AG 8088 VT PRO) was intercropped with Brachiaria grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) at 0.70 m between rows, at distance of 1 meter between the first sowing line of maize/Brachiaria and eucalypt rows. The yields of maize forage, maize grains and Brachiaria among the eucalypt rows were similar to the productivities in full sun from 3.8 m distance between maize and eucalypt lines. Grain yield and maize fodder yields were directly influenced by the reduction of the distance between the sowing lines and the eucalypt rows with three years of implantation at 15x2 spacing. The arboreal component in Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest system alters the environment in the sub-forest, reducing the incidence of photosynthetically active radiation among the ranks, directly reducing forage and maize grains yields in intercropping system with U. brizantha.Keywords: Zea mays, U. brizantha, eucalypt, intercropping system.
The objective of the present study was to characterize the duration of the phenological stages, the agronomic characteristics and grain yield in soybean cultivars with contrasting cycles and indeterminate growth type, submitted to different fertilization investment environments under no-tillage system in the central region of Minas Gerais. The work was conducted under field conditions, in an experimental area of Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, in Sete Lagoas, MG, in the harvest of 2015/2016. Ten soybean cultivars with different relative maturity groups (RMG) were studied, representing almost all RMG materials currently sown in Minas Gerais, in two environments with different levels of fertilizer investment. The variables were submitted to analysis of joint variance, in order to verify the existence of interaction between cultivars and investment in fertilization environments. Fertilizer investment levels influence grain yield of soybean cultivars of contrasting cycles. The higher height of the soybean plants implies higher lodging and lower grain yield. This situation is aggravated by the greater investment in fertilization. The difference between the cycles of the cultivars is in the duration of the vegetative stages, being greater in the later cultivars.
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