Fresh defibrinated bovine blood was superior to either haemolysed or freeze-dried defibrinated bovine blood when fed in vitro to female Glossina morsitans morsitans Westw. The presence of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) or other additives did not improve reproductive performance. The flies were able to compensate for considerable dilution of the blood with both serum and saline. Both parental and F t female size affected the weight of the F s puparia produced. The feeding of females on rabbits' ears on one day and in vitro on five days per week prevented any deterioration in performance over successive generations compared with a purely in vitro regime. A colony was established using this technique and results over a 13-month period were compared with those from a colony fed without rabbit supplement and another fed on rabbits only. The reproductive performance of females in the all-membrane fed colony deteriorated from generation to generation, while those in the rabbit supplement colony performed similarly to those of the rabbit-fed colony except that survival was better but fecundity was poorer and the puparia produced were smaller.
Male Glossina morsitans were subjected to various doses of gamma radiation in air or nitrogen and mated to untreated females. The sex ratio of the F 1 progeny was biased towards males, and this may be explained by the extra vulnerability to dominant lethal induction that the presence of the large X chromosome gives to female determining sperms. The mean fertility of the F 1 progeny was subnormal. This was due to the induction of 50 % sterility in a large proportion of F 1 individuals. Cytogenetic examination of the progeny of outcrosses of F^ individuals indicated that in most of the semi-steriles there were translocations involving the large autosomes or the Y chromosomes. Almost all the normally fertile F ± flies gave only cytogenetically normal progeny. The F x sexratio distortion and semi-sterility would provide a ' bonus' in the application of the sterile male technique, which would amount to a 15-50% saving in the releases required to achieve a population control target compared with the requirement if the F ± was normal.
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