Our findings suggest that drugs used during pregnancy do not appear to substantially contribute to the occurrence of isolated NTD but some drugs have a role in the origin of these defects.
To determine the standard testicular volume growth, 1985 males aged 0 to 28 years were subjected to measurement by means of Hynie's testometer and the results were related to the body size (testicular volume cm3/Livi index). Data for comparison were obtained from a gypsy and a non-gypsy sample. While at the ages of 0 to 9 years the volume did not show any notable variation, there was a conspicuous and rapid (approx. 10-fold) increase between 10 and 15 years. The maximum size was attained among the non-gypsies at 17-18, among the gypsies at 21-22 years. The average volume for every age group above 19-20 years was higher in the gypsy than in the non-gypsy sample. In each group, from the start of puberty the right testis was bigger on the average than the left.
A survey is given of the karyotypes observed in 362 children clinically diagnosed as cases of Down’s syndrome from whom material was sent to 8 collaborating cytogenetic laboratories in Hungary during the period 1965-1974. The sample studied cytogenetically constitutes about 20% of all children born in Hungary in this decade with Down’s syndrome. The ways in which patients were selected for cytogenetic examinations could not be specified. In the sample, standard trisomy 21 was found in 91.7%, translocations in 3.9% and mosaicism in 4.4%. The mean age of the mothers of the children investigated was 29.05 years, a relatively low figure which may be explained by the decrease of the mean maternal age over the last decades.
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