Objective: The aim of the present work was to formulate and evaluate oral disintegrating tablets of Ketorolac tromethamine HCl by statistical experimental design. The Ketorolac is an NSAIDs drug, which has high solubility and high permeability (BCS class I). Methods: Tablets were prepared by direct compression technique using dehydrated Banana powder (Musa acuminata) and Plantago ovata powder (Ispaghula) as independent variables. In vitro disintegration time and % drug release were selected as dependent variables. The model was found to be linear and the curvature effect was significant. Therefore, study resorted to composite design for optimization. Results: DSC studies indicated that the drug and excipients were compatible. Pre-compression parameters had shown fairly good flow properties. The directly compressed tablets were evaluated for pharmaco technical properties and were found to be within specified limits. Kinetic studies revealed that drug release from all formulations followed first order release. Based on simulation given by the software most economical batch which was in desired range was selected. Conclusion: The statistical model is mathematically valid as the experimental values and predicted values suggested by the model were relatively close to each other. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed design for development of Ketorolac tromethamine HCl fast disintegrating tablets with optimized properties.
Ceiba pentandra and Parmotrema perlatum lichen are two illustrious spices. Apart from their benefit as aromas, These are known for various therapeutic activities. Both are well known as appetizers. Decoctions of theses powders are used to relieve cough, anorexia and helminthiasis etc. Though several studies on antimicrobial activities of these two plants are available, studies on resistant microorganisms and anti tubercular activity are very limited. Hence, the author made an attempt to identify the phytochemical constituents present in methanolic and n-hexane extracts of Ceiba pentandra and Parmotrema perlatum using phytochemical tests and GC-MS method then to evaluate antibacterial activity against 5 resistant microorganisms by microtitre broth dilution method using ciprofloxacillin & streptomycin as reference standards. Methanolic extracts of Parmotrema perlatum and Ceiba pentandra had shown a considerable antibacterial activity than n-hexane extracts and exhibited 90% growth inhibition against H37Rv resistant strain of mycobacterium at 80 & 320 micrograms/ml respectively. N-hexane extracts of both species were found to be poorly effective against H37 Rv.
Objective: The purpose of the present work was to enhance antimicrobial activity of Suppress release Amoxicillin Camphor complexed Mucoadhesive tablets by Statistical Experimental Design using Sigma tech software version 3.1. Amoxicillin has short half-life (1 h) which requires frequent administration of the conventional amoxicillin tablets and is mainly used in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori that resides in the stomach. Methods: Amoxicillin-Sodium cholate (ASC) and camphor complexes (ACC) were prepared to enhance antimicrobial activity. Results: TLC and FT-IR studies confirmed the formation of drug complex. Zone of inhibition by agar well diffusion method of ACC showed greater inhibition than ASC, solubility of ACC was enhanced by re-crystallization technique. Hence ACC needle shaped re-crystallized was used to sustained release tablets using mucoadhesive polymers. Chitosan, HPMC K-15 and Ethyl cellulose (EC) were selected as independent variables and ex vivo mucoadhesion time, % drug release at 24 h and t 50 % (time to release 50 % drug) were selected as dependent variables. DSC studies indicated drug and excipients were compatible. Swelling studies and scanning electron microscopic analysis confirmed the drug release mechanism from sustained release tablets. In-vitro release studies and ex vivo studies of amoxicillin confirmed the sustained drug release profile with first order release kinetics better mucoadhesion and enhanced antimicrobial activity. The optimized formulation was found to be stable at accelerated storage conditions for 3 months. Conclusion: The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed statistical design for optimization of ACC sustained release tablets.
: Malaria, a protozoan disease led to numerous deaths and several new million cases raised due to the development of resistance as per the WHO malaria report 2019. This can be overcome by the development of an effective targeted plant-based delivery system through phytosomes that are effective in permeation and bioavailability to treat infected RBCs (parasitic cells). This review article explained the development of targeted Nanophytosomes to overcome resistance, to improve efficacy. This review paper also emphasized various quality-driven developmental approaches in developing an antimalarial product at a reasonable cost. By implementing molecular modeling techniques in development, a significant phytoconstituent with the capability of acting at the target (receptor or enzymes) of the parasite and the one with the capability to overcome drug resistance against resistant strains of parasites can be identified. Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) studies information provide a route to the design and formulation of a potent antimalarial agent. Efficient targeted Nanophytosomal formulations can be formulated by functionalizing or conjugating with suitable targets to direct the phytoconstituent to the infected RBCs thereby achieving complete parasitic eradication. Artificial Neural Network technology (ANN), Quality by Design (QbD), molecular dynamics, and simulation studies implementation improves quality and reduces the cost of the product, as these malarial products are much utilized in low-income countries. Hence it can be concluded that targeted developmental quality-driven approaches implementation is essential for effective malarial treatment.
Nyctanthes arbour-tristis is a shrub belongs to the family Oleaceae. The flowers of this plant are fragrant since the presence of flavonol glycosides. It has also been reported for the presence of β-sitosterol, iridoid glycosides, tannins etc., and known to have immunostimulant, hepatoprotective, antiviral and antifungal activities. In the present study an attempt is made to identify antioxidant capacity and anthelminthic potential of methanolic flower extract of Nyctanthes arbour-tristis. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by total phenolic content assay, total flavonoids content assay, free radical scavenging activity and reducing ability methods. Anthelmintic activity was evaluated on Perithima posthuma using Piperazine citrate as standard drug. The results obtained for the above activities reveals that Nyctanthes arbour-tristis shows considerable antioxidant activity for all the methods and anthelminthic potential at 300 mg/ml. Keywords: arbour-tristis; antioxidant activity; anthelminthic activity; Perithima posthuma; Piperazine citrate.
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