No abstract

In this article we construct an extended relativistic f (R) theory of gravity with matter-curvature couplings F (R, Lmatt) for which its weak field limit of approximation recovers the simplest version of MOND. We do this by (a) performing an order of magnitude approach and (b) by perturbing the resulting field equations of the theory to the weakest field limit of approximation. We also compute the geodesic equation of the resulting theory and show that it has an extra force, a fact that commonly appears in general matter-curvature couplings.

We construct a relativistic metric description of MOND using the Palatini formalism following the f (χ) = χ b description of [1]. We show that in order to recover the non-relativistic MOND regime where, for circular orbits the Tully-Fisher law replaces Kepler's third law, the value of the parameter b = 3/2, which is coincident with the value found using a pure metric formalism [1]. Unlike this pure metric formalism, which yields fourth order field equations, the Palatini approach yields second order field equations, which is a desirable requirement from a theoretical perspective. Thus, the phenomenology associated to astrophysical phenomena with Tully-Fisher scalings can be accounted for using this proposal, without the need to introduce any non-baryonic dark matter particles.

In this article we construct a relativistic extended metric theory of gravity, for which its weak field limit reduces to the non-relativistic MOdified Newtonian Dynamics regime of gravity. The theory is fully covariant and local. The way to achieve this is by introducing torsion in the description of gravity as well as with the addition of a particular function of the matter lagrangian into the gravitational action.

We present a toy model for extending the Friedmann equations of relativistic cosmology using fractional derivatives. We do this by replacing the integer derivatives, in a few well-known cosmological results with fractional derivatives leaving their order as a free parameter. All this with the intention to explain the current observed acceleration of the Universe. We apply the Last Step Modification technique of fractional calculus to construct some useful fractional equations of cosmology. The fits of the unknown fractional derivative order and the fractional cosmographic parameters to SN Ia data shows that this simple construction can explain the current accelerated expansion of the Universe without the use of a dark energy component with a MOND-like behaviour using Milgrom’s acceleration constant which sheds light into to the non-necessity of a dark matter component as well.

We discuss the advantages of using metric theories of gravity with curvature–matter couplings in order to construct a relativistic generalization of the simplest version of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), where Tully–Fisher scalings are valid for a wide variety of astrophysical objects. We show that these proposals are valid at the weakest perturbation order for trajectories of massive and massless particles (photons). These constructions can be divided into local and non-local metric theories of gravity with curvature–matter couplings. Using the simplest two local constructions in an FLRW universe for dust, we show that there is no need for the introduction of dark matter and dark energy components into the Friedmann equation in order to account for type Ia supernovae observations of an accelerated universe at the present epoch.

No abstract