Cerebral fissures can be measured by 3D sonography at 22 to 33 weeks of pregnancy with acceptable reliability and concordance. Reference ranges for this gestational period have thus been described.

Compared with the control group, a higher PI and a higher incidence of FVW of the A and B types--and thus a higher uterine artery impedance--were found among women with recurrent pregnancy loss.

Objective To evaluate the intra-and interobserver reliability of assessment of three-dimensional power Intra-and interobserver reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).Results Ninety-five pregnancies were included in the analysis. All three placental 3D-PD indices showed only weak to moderate reliability (ICC < 0.66 and ICC < 0.48, respectively

Reference curves for fetal atrioventricular valve areas were determined and presented good reproducibility.

Aim: To determine the applicability of pocket ultrasound as a complementary method for clinical evaluation during the first trimester of pregnancy. Material and methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 86 pregnant women attended in an emergency. The same operator performed the first examination with pocket device Vscan (General Electric, Vingmed Ultrasound, Horten, Norway) and then repeated the exam using a traditional handset high resolution Voluson 730 Expert (General Electric Healthcare Ultrasound, Milwaukee, WI, USA). Data were recorded with individual diagnoses by means of yes/no binary as the visualization of variables: gestational sac, embryo, embryo heartbeat, topical or ectopic pregnancy. Concordance was calculated using the kappa coefficient with its respective 95% confidential intervals (CI). Results: There was no disagreement between the methods when compared the pocket and conventional ultrasounds. The best comparative result between the devices was as the visualization of the embryo heartbeat with kappa coefficient of 0.84 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.89). However, the pocket ultrasound had a low correlation for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, with kappa coefficient of −0.02 (95% CI −0.23 to 0.19). The smaller structure visualized and studied using the pocket ultrasound was an embryo of 3.4 mm. Conclusions: The method of pocket ultrasound has the potential to become a complementary and easy access for diagnostic tool in obstetric patients during the first trimester. However, in ectopic pregnancy cases the diagnosis should be realized by conventional ultrasound.

A 20-year-old nulliparous woman was referred due a cervical mass in the fetus in an ultrasound examination performed in the 25th week of pregnancy. The exam revealed an irregular, solid-cystic heterogeneous mass measuring 75x54 mm that came to the exterior through the mouth of the fetus. Three-dimensional ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of epignathus teratoma and the normal finding of the central nervous system. The patient was admitted at 28 weeks, in premature labor. Tocolysis, corticosteroid and amniotic fluid drainage were programmed to be performed before conducting ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT). However, there was premature rupture of membranes and the EXIT procedure was brought forward. After premature placental abruption, the newborn's birth was concluded. Tracheostomy was performed, but the newborn's condition progressed to bradycardia and death in a few minutes.

Cesarean scar pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy. It is associated with many complications, including a high risk of massive bleeding and hysterectomy under unfavorable conditions. Conservative treatment with systemic methotrexate (MTX) has been used preferentially with the aim of allowing the patient to have a reproductive future. However, cases of complex ectopic masses in a cesarean scar with guarded prognosis demand techniques that are more effective, such as uterine artery embolization (UAE) in association with intra-arterial MTX infusion. We describe the case of a 35-year-old patient in the 8th week of pregnancy who was referred to us because of genital bleeding and suspected ectopic pregnancy in the cesarean scar. After confirmation of the diagnosis, an initial attempt at systemic treatment with MTX was made. This was abandoned due to the elevation of the hepatic transaminase level. In addition, because of the complexity of the mass and the patient's desire to preserve her reproductive capacity, it was decided to perform UAE with local MTX infusion. The procedure was performed successfully and the patient's fertility was preserved.

The assessment of the fetal cerebellar volume by 3D US is an important tool to evaluate fetal growth.