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Polyols were synthesized from castor oil with diethanolamine and triethanolamine at the molar ratios from 1:1 M to 1:3 M with the total hydroxyl value and amino value in the range from 291 to 512 mg KOH/g. Bio-based rigid polyurethane foams with good mechanical properties, a high closed-cell content and the renewable content in the range from 25.0 to 35.6 wt% were obtained. Polyurethane coatings’ tensile strength and modulus of elasticity are higher for the samples obtained from castor oil/diethanolamine polyols, but the highest elongation at break is for the polyurethane from castor oil/triethanolamine polyols. In the temperature range from 150°C to 350°C, the polyurethanes from castor oil/triethanolamine have lower weight losses than the polyurethane from castor oil/diethanolamine polyols. The presence of polyethylene glycol enhances the degradability of the bio-based polyurethane foams in the presence of fungi.

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Amide and ester type polyols were synthesized from different kinds of tall oil and two types of ethanolamine (diethanolamine and triethanolamine). Poly(urethane amides) and polyester urethanes based on the synthesized polyols were prepared. The influence of the chemical structure of the obtained polyurethanes on density, glass transition temperature, thermal stability, mechanical properties and adhesive strength was investigated. The effect of the content of rosin acids in original tall oil on the specified characteristics was estimated. It has been found that poly(urethane amides) have higher mechanical characteristics, but their thermal stability is lower than that of polyester urethanes. The chemical structure of the synthesized polyols and polyurethanes is qualitatively confirmed by IR-spectroscopy data.

-Vegetable oils are one of the most important platform chemicals due to their accessibility, specific structure of oils and low price.Rapeseed oil (RO) polyols were prepared by amidization of RO with diethanolamine (DEA). To determine the kinetics of amidization reaction, experiments were carried out. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), amine (NH) value was determined. Group contribution method by Fedor`s was used to calculate solubility parameters, van der Waals volume was calculated by Askadskii. Obtained polyol`s OH and NH value are from 304 up to 415 mg KOH/g. RO polyols synthesis meets the criteria of "green chemistry".In the present study, reaction of RO amidization with DEA was investigated, as well as optimum conditions for polyol synthesis was established to obtain polyols for polyurethane production. Calculations of solubility parameter and cohesion energy density were calculated, as RO polyols will be used as side chains in polymers, and solubility parameter will be used to explain properties of polymers.

The efficiency of using intumescent flame retardants in polyurethane coatings based on tall oil fatty acids esters was assessed. The influence of the content of each of the flame retardants (ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and pentaerythriol) separately on the flammability parameters of wood samples with polyurethane coatings in a cone calorimeter test, as well as on the thermal and mechanical properties of the polyurethane itself, was investigated. The effect of the ratios of double and triple combinations of the mentioned flame retardants on the specified properties was studied. It has been found that, for the given type of polyester urethane, ammonium polyphosphate decreases the flammability of polyurethane most. Melamine, and melamine in combination with ammonium polyphosphate decrease the smoke release upon polyurethane combustion.

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