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This article discusses The Nature Conservancy's Working Woodlands program, which offers attractive benefits to forestland owners in Pennsylvania and other eastern states, including forestland protection, forest management certification, and financial dividends from the sale of forest carbon offsets. The program is designed to keep woodlots functioning at their highest level for habitat and watershed protection and also for recreational uses, sustainably harvested timber, and a new source of income from selling forest carbon. The article discusses program benefits, costs, forest certification, carbon trading, and program eligibility.

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Pennsylvania has embarked on establishing a half-million-acre old-growth system within its 2.1 million acres of state forest. If successful, this system will contribute to the restoration of ecological functions associated with old-growth forests that have virtually disappeared from eastern ecosystems. However, the proposed old-growth forests must be resurrected from fragmented and structurally homogenous second-growth forests that are subject to anthropogenic disturbances. In the context of these disturbances, thoughtful system design and, in many instances, application of silvicultural practices will be necessary to protect, restore, and accelerate the accumulation of old-growth attributes in Pennsylvania's forests. We explore some initial design and management considerations for creating an eastern old-growth system.