Ruellia tuberosa L. is a folk remedy in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, its hypoglycemic activity has not been investigated so far. In the present study, the antidiabetic mechanism of the n-hexane fraction of methanolic extract (HFME) of this plant was investigated in silico, in vitro, and in vivo. In silico study was performed using AutoDock4.2 software. In vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity was investigated by starch-iodine method. A single dose of 450 mg/kg HFME for 14 days was subjected to an antidiabetic screening in vivo by a multiple low dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) induced rats. Molecular modeling results show that Betulin exhibited noncompetitive α-amylase inhibitory activities. The effect of HFME elicited significant reductions of diabetic rat blood glucose. A single dose administration of HFME inhibited α-amylase activity in vivo (P < 0.01) compared to a diabetic control group. Moreover, this extract strongly inhibited the α-amylase activity in vitro (IC50 0.14 ± 0.005 mg/mL). It is concluded that HFME exerted an antidiabetic effect via α-amylase inhibitor. Our findings provide a possible hypoglycemic action of R. tuberosa L. as an alternative therapy in the management of diabetes.
Inhibition of α-amylase is an important strategy to control post-prandial hyperglycemia. The present study on Ruellia tuberosa, known as traditional anti-diabetic agent, is being provided in silico study to identify compounds inhibiting α-amylase in rat and human. Compounds were explored from PubChem database. Molecular docking was studied using the autodock4. The interactions were further visualized and analyzed using the Accelrys Discovery Studio version 3.5. Binding energy of compounds to α-amylase was varying between -1.92 to -6.66 kcal/mol in rat pancreatic alpha amylase and -3.06 to -8.42kcal/mol in human pancreatic alpha amylase, and inhibition konstanta (ki) was varying between 13.12- 39460µM in rat and 0.67-5600µM in human. The docking results verify that betulin is the most potential inhibitor of all towards rat model alpha amylase and human alpha amylase. Further analysis reveals that betulin could be a potential inhibitor with non-competitive pattern like betulinic acid. In comparison, betulin has smaller Ki (0.67µM) than acarbose (2.6 µM), which suggesting that betulin is more potential as inhibitor than acarbose, but this assumption must be verified in vitro.
This research, the caffeine extract of arabica coffee beans, cacao beans, and black tea leaves will be tested as a corrosion inhibitor on aluminium in an acidic environment and in biodiesel containing acid. This condition resembles the metabolism of microorganisms in biodiesel which produces H2SO4 as one of the causes of corrosion. Arabica coffee, cacao beans and black tea are natural organic ingredients containing caffeine which can inhibit corrosion. In the maceration process used a variable ratio of 70% ethanol solvent with organic matter, namely 225 grams of organic matter with 450 grams of ethanol and 150 grams of organic matter with 450 grams of ethanol. Concentration of caffeine extract from arabika coffee, cacao beans, and black tea leaves was obtained based on HPLC analysis at an effluent rate of 0.8 mL/min. The corrosion inhibition efficiency test on aluminium was observed at 0, 1, 4, 7 and 10 days of immersion. The previously used aluminium has been corroded with 12% H2SO4. The corrosion inhibition efficiency test on aluminium was observed at 0, 1, 4, 7 and 10 days of immersion. The best inhibitor results on aluminium soaked in biosolar containing 12% H2SO4 is tea 1.234,313 ppm with a corrosion rate of 1.6x10-4 g/cm2 day on day 1 to 2.5x10-4 g/ cm2 day on day 10 with an inhibition efficiency of 99%. While the aluminium soaked in H2SO4 12% is tea containing caffeine of 684.373 ppm with a corrosion rate of 1.3 x10-4 g/ cm2 day on day 1 to 3.3x10-4 g/ cm2 day on day 10 with an inhibition efficiency of 64%. The longer the immersion time of aluminium in H2SO4 media with the addition of organic inhibitors, the lower the corrosion rate value because the inhibitors form a layer that protects the aluminium.
Korosi merupakan penurunan mutu logam akibat adanya reaksi elektrokimia dengan lingkungannya, sedangkan bio-korosi merupakan suatu peristiwa korosi yang dipengaruhi oleh mikroorganisme terutama dari kelompok Sulfat Reducing Bacteria (SRB). SRB mengakibatkan terjadinya korosi logam pada tangki penyimpanan biosolar. Laju korosi dapat diturunkan dengan cara penambahan inhibitor organik maupun anorganik ke dalam suatu media korosi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh inhibitor organik berupa asam askorbat, dan inhibitor anorganik berupa natrium nitrit dan natrium fosfat terhadap terhadap laju korosi dan efisiensi inhibitor pada logam alumunium (Al) dan seng (Zn) yang direndam dalam media biosolar dalam kondisi pH asam. Pengaruh ketiga jenis inhibitor yang masing-masing memiliki konsentrasi sebesar 25, 50, dan 75 ppm terhadap logam yang direndam dengan biosolar diinvestigasi menggunakan teknik penurunan berat logam. Pengukuran berat logam yang direndam dalam inhibitor dan media biosolar dilakukan pada variasi waktu 0, 1, 4, 7, dan 10 hari kemudian dilakukan analisa laju korosi dan efisiensi inhibisi. Masing-masing inhibitor dapat mengghambat laju korosi logam dengan efisiensi inhibisi tertinggi yaitu asam askorbat. Inhibitor terbaik dalam media biosolar yaitu asam askorbat 75 ppm yang dikontakkan dengan logam selama 10 hari dengan nilai efisiensi inhibitor asam askorbat terhadap logam alumunium sebesar 26,92 % dan seng sebesar 70,90 %. Corrosion is a decrease in metal quality due to an electrochemical reaction with its environment while bio-corrosion is a corrosion event that is influenced by microorganisms, especially from the Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) group. This group of bacteria generally causes metal corrosion in biodiesel storage tanks. The corrosion rate can be reduced by adding organic or inorganic inhibitors. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of organic inhibitor such as ascorbic acid, and inorganic inhibitors such as sodium nitrite and sodium phosphate on the corrosion rate and inhibitor efficiency of aluminum and zinc metals immersed in biodiesel media under acidic pH conditions. The effect of the three types of inhibitors which each concentrations of 25, 50, and 75 ppm on metals immersed in biodiesel was investigated using weight loss techniques. The measurement of the weight of the metal immersed in the inhibitor and biodiesel media was carried out at various times of 0, 1, 4, 7, and 10 days and then calculated the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency. The best inhibitor in biodiesel media is 75 ppm ascorbic acid which is in contact with metal for 10 days with has an efficiency value of ascorbic acid inhibitor against aluminum metal of 26,92 % and zinc of 70,90 %.
PKK RT/RW 01/01 Pohjentrek, Pasuruan merupakan salah satu PKK yang ada di kelurahan Pohjentrek, Kecamatan Purworejo, Kota Pasuruan. Dalam mewujudkan salah satu program pokok PKK yaitu pendidikan dan keterampilan, PKK RT/RW 01/01 Pohjentrek, Pasuruan melakukan kerjasama dengan Politeknik Negeri Malang (Polinema). Kerjasama yang dilakukan berupa pemberian bimbingan teknis untuk pembuatan hand sanitizer oleh Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Polinema kepada anggota PKK RT/RW 01/01 Pohjentrek, Pasuruan. Penggunaan hand sanitizer sangat penting untuk menjaga kebersihan tangan. Hal ini bertujuan untuk meminimalisasi masuknya bibit penyakit dan infeksi dalam tubuh. Penggunaan hand sanitizer dapat mengurangi risiko kulit yang kering akibat terlalu sering mencuci tangan dengan sabun. Bimbingan teknis yang dilakukan oleh Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Polinema kepada anggota PKK RT/RW 01/01 Pohjentrek, Pasuruan dilakukan sebagai bentuk pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PkM) dari Polinema yang sejalan dengan Rencana Strategis Polinema (Renstra Polinema 2016-2020) untuk meciptakan iklim usaha bagi UMKM dalam hal ini adalah PKK RT/RW 01/01 Pohjentrek, Pasuruan. Hasil dari bimbingan teknis ini dapat menjadi bekal bagi anggota PKK sebagai pengetahuan baru dan dapat dikembangkan menjadi usaha baru.
Bioinformatics is helpful for solving molecular biology problems computationally with the advantage of being safe, free from chemical waste, secure, cost-effective, and can shorten research time. The issues that arise can be in the form of degradation of the xylanase enzyme using some microorganisms like Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma reesei on lignocellulose bonds. To predict the optimum conditions for this enzymatic reaction has used bioinformatics applications through substrate enzymes obtained from protein data banks. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for obtaining xylanase enzymes from the microorganisms Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma reesei by bioinformatics (in silico). This research was conducted in bioinformatics using a RCSB Protein Data Bank database and PubChem. The programs used to see the interaction between substrate enzymes are PyMol, PyRx, and LigPlot. The best conditions based on the results of bioinformatics simulations will form the basis for producing xylanases on a laboratory scale. In this study, the results of interaction data between Bacillus subtilis and D-xylose, Aspergillus niger with D-xylose, and Trichoderma reesei with D-xylose have a binding affinity value of -5.2 kcal/mol; -5.1 kcal/mol; and -4.3 kcal/mol respectively.
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